KAAP220 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Hydrostatics, Active Transport, Facilitated Diffusion
15 Dec 2016
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1 gene is a sequence of nucleotides on dna to make 1 protein. 3 types of rna: messenger mrna, ribosomal rrna, transfer trna. Rna: rna nucleotides attach to complementary dna bases. Guanine --- cytosine: new rna moves out of nucleus. Called messenger rna (mrna: dna recoils into helical form. Mrna information must be translated from nucleic acid language to protein language. Produces the sequence of aa for proteins. Each carries 1 of the 20 different aa in the body. Tail: binding site for a specific aa. Necessary aa in cytoplasm: not a problem for well-nourished americans. Atp: needed for all synthesis reactions. Permeability (determines which substances can cross membrane) Selectively permeable (some substances cross: active (atp required, passive. Diffusion: always going down concentration gradient ions or molecules in continuous random motion resulting in even distribution: gradient. Move to lesser concentration: down gradient. Factors influencing diffusion rates: distance (inversely related, molecule size (inversely related)
