HIST131 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Arabian Peninsula, Greater Lebanon, League Of Nations Mandate
31 Aug 2016
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Hist130 – 3/7/16 3/7/2016 5:13:00 PM
British and French negotiating about where lines would be drawn
• Lines drawn at Turkey
• Drawn in artificial way which did not correspond to existing loyalties
What happened to Turkey?
• Peace conference in Paris
• Greeks claim a big chunk, have eyes on Istanbul
• Kurdish part left unresolved
• Treaty of Sevres was not institutionalized
Iraq ended up being a conglomerate of desperate pieces, turned into a
mandate system
• North operated by Kurds who are not Arabs; they are “mountain
people”
• Incorporated into New Iraq because:
o Oil found around Mosul so British decided to incorporate it
into their new Iraq entity
o Worried that French would claim again
o Afraid Turks who were fighting for their independence would
move south and claim it
Lebanon
• French claim it
• Marinites did not want to be part of Syria at all, they argue for
greater Lebanon. Smaller Lebanon does not have enough
agricultural potential → French agree to it and carve it out as
separate entity “Lebanon”
• Muslims would have liked to merge
• Why didn’t Marinies want to be part of larger Lebanon? Did not
want to be in sea of Muslims
• French created it under their mandate
• The Alawite state
• Jabal-alDruz state
Sunjaq
Area called Sham
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
King Faysal (1883-1933) put on throne in Syris by British before French
come in → chased out by French and put into Iraq
• First king of Iraq
• What’s the big deal? Not from Iraq, he was from interior of Arabian
peninsula
• Outsider
Trans-Jordan next to Jewish Palestine
• British claim Palestine
• British carve out separate state Trans-Jordan (Amman) to stall
French claims from Syria and have buffer from tribal raids from
Arabian peninsula
Abudllah (younger son) 1921-1951
• Jordan turned into kingdom under grandfather
Turkey
• Mustafa Kemal → turns into Ataturk (head of Turks)
• Greeks want to retrieve land they lost a long time ago and consider
to be theirs; want to establish a “greater Greece” due to
nationalism. They got Crete in 1912, but really wanted all of
Western Anatolia
• He (who is he?) Marches to Ankara, becomes new capital of Turkey
• Lands in Sansun in 1919
• Ismia owned by Greeks, a bustling port
• Ayvalik, across from Lesbos (Greek island)
• The ones who ran the economy were the minorities: Greeks or
Armenians, but they were all killed so the country was left with
millions of illiterate peasants and remnants of Ottoman elite
Ataturk: Turkey owes its entire existence to him
• Admirer of Europe and its modern, secular ways
• By law, not permissible to make fun of him
• Slogan: How happy I am to be a Turk
• Abolishes the calafit. Bad boy of Islamic revivliast
• 1920 abolishes the shariiah
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
British and french negotiating about where lines would be drawn: lines drawn at turkey, drawn in artificial way which did not correspond to existing loyalties. What happened to turkey: peace conference in paris, greeks claim a big chunk, have eyes on istanbul, kurdish part left unresolved, treaty of sevres was not institutionalized. Lebanon: french claim it, marinites did not want to be part of syria at all, they argue for greater lebanon. Did not want to be in sea of muslims: french created it under their mandate, the alawite state, jabal-aldruz state. Not from iraq, he was from interior of arabian peninsula: outsider. Trans-jordan next to jewish palestine: british claim palestine, british carve out separate state trans-jordan (amman) to stall. French claims from syria and have buffer from tribal raids from. Abudllah (younger son) 1921-1951: jordan turned into kingdom under grandfather.
