ENWC201 Lecture 3: ENWC 201: Lec. 3/4

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megburke

8 Feb 2019

School

University of Delaware

Department

Entomology and Wildlife Conservation

Course

ENWC201

Professor

Kyle Mc Carthy

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Document Summary

Ecosystem- a biological environment consisting of all the living organisms living in a particular area, as well as all the nonliving physical components of the environment with which the organisms interact- such as air, soil, water, and sunlight: Nitrogen cycle: legumes have nitrogen fixing bacteria, Photosynthesis- plants drawing in light energy and turns it into chemical energy (making sugar from the light energy- carbohydrates, starches) Critical link between the sun and other life on earth. No process is possible in which the sole result is the absorption of heat from a reservoir and its complete conversion into the world . Energy moves through the food web and escapes. 10% rule of thumb- only about 10% of the energy used in one trophic level is available to the next. Plant community and animal community = biotic community. Similar types of plants- succulent leaves, stomata that close during the day. Pioneer community- the first step in succession (fireweed)

Related Questions

Microbiology Unit 2 Applied and Environmental Assignment Part 1: Identify Nutritional requirements from Chapter 6&14 (and review from chapters 1 & 2) 1. Determine which of the 4 macromolecules require the following elements: a. Carbon: carbohydrates___ lipids___ proteins___ nucleic acids___ b. Nitrogen: carbohydrates___ lipids___ proteins___ nucleic acids___ c. Sulfur: carbohydrates___ lipids___ proteins___ nucleic acids___ 2. The essential elements mentioned above are cycled through cells and the earth in biogeochemical cycles (the carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycles.)Select the correct answer or fill in the blanks to summarize these cycles: a. Carbon dioxide is taken in from the atmosphere by [autotrophs/heterotrophs] and converted to glucose through carbon ________________. When heterotrophs eat autotrophs they use catabolism to break down glucose to make ATP and waste carbon is released as ___________. b. There is plenty of nitrogen available in the atmosphere but it is not accessible to organisms because it is in the form of Nitrogen gas (N2). N2 is fixed by [bacteria/plants/animals] and converted to ammonia (NH3.) NH3 can be used by [bacteria/plants/animals] to build their cells. Next, by consuming food with amino acids,[bacteria/plants/animals] can get access to nitrogen for their own cellular needs. c. There is also a good quantity of sulfur in dirt, rocks, and the atmosphere. Sulfur cycles between H2S => S0 => SO4 => SH groups in Proteins => back to H2S.Using _________________ respiration, anoxygenic photosynthesis, and chemolithoautotrophy [bacteria/plants/animals]convert H2S and S0 to SO4 which is taken in by [bacteria/plants/animals] and used to build their cells. When [bacteria/plants/animals]eat plants they take in essential amino acids containing sulfur and recycle these to make their proteins. d. _________________ break down waste and dead organisms and recycle nutrients back into the cycles. *The C and N are summarized here: https://youtu.be/2D7hZpIYlCA and https://youtu.be/leHy-Y_8nRs 3. Match the main metabolic classifications to the description: Classifications: photoautotroph/ photoheterotroph/ chemoautotroph/ chemoheterotroph o A microbe that makes its own food by taking carbon from CO2 in the atmosphere and its energy from sunlight o A microbe that makes its own food by taking carbon from CO2 in the atmosphere and its energy from reduced inorganic chemicals o A microbe that eats other organisms to get organic carbon and energy o A microbe that eats other organisms to get organic carbon but gets energy from sunlight 4. Identify the phases of the bacterial growth curve and define what occurs in each phase Phase A = ______________ Definition: Phase B = ______________ Definition: Phase C = ______________ Definition: Phase D = ______________ Definition: Part 2: Unique ecosystems containing microbes 5. Watch the video that shows hydrothermal vents: https://youtu.be/RO3nO98gH_M a. Describe bacteria that live at the vents using terms from the unit 2 reading guide: ________________________________________________________________________ b. Write a 2-3 sentence reflection about hydrothermal vents and the contribution of microbes to this ecosystem: 6. Apply what you have learned to the TED-Ed video about Biofilms: https://youtu.be/pHLP5CZMnL4 a. Give the terms for cell structures mentioned in the video that we learned in Chapter 4 and 7: i. âsticky appendagesâ thatallows bacteria to attach and begin the biofilm: _______________ ii. Extracellular matrix/gooey matrix that holds cells together: ____________________________ iii. Exchange genetic information while packed together: ____________________________ iv. Communicate with each other by _________________________________________ sensing. v. Produce chemical to kill microbial competitors: ____________________________ factor.

Question 55.55. The fact that marsupials are not as diverse inSouth America as they are in Australia would be classified as whattype of evidence for evolution? (Points : 1.25)

biogeographical

anatomical

biochemical

fossil record

molecular evidence

Question 56.56. What is the name of the hypothesis that statesthat the very first living thing came from nonliving chemicals?(Points : 1.25)

cell theory

chemical evolution

Darwinian evolution

speciation

organic chemistry

Question 57.57. What structures are necessary for thereplication process to occur in a cell? (Points : 1.25)

enzymatic proteins

carbohydrates

lipids

starches

viruses

Question 58.58. The flipper of a whale and the wing of a birdare homologous structures. (Points : 1.25)

TRUE

FALSE

Question 59.59. Both the RNA-first and the protein-firsthypotheses must propose a manner for DNA to become the geneticmaterial as it is today. (Points : 1.25)

TRUE

FALSE

Question 60.60. The early atmosphere of Earth consisted mainlyof (Points : 1.25)

hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide.

oxygen, water vapor, and carbon monoxide.

water vapor, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide.

hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen.

water vapor, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide.

Question 61.61. Which of the following biogeochemical cycles isa sedimentary cycle? (Points : 1.25)

carbon

nitrogen

phosphorus

water

ice

Question 62.62. What two characteristics define a biome? (Points: 1.25)

temperature and the types of plants found there

amount of precipitation and the types of plantsfound there

temperature and rainfall

latitude and rainfall

altitude and temperature

Question 63.63. The atmosphere would be considered whatcomponent of a chemical cycle? (Points : 1.25)

reservoir

exchange pool

biotic community

source

none of these

Question 64.64. Are humans capable of upsetting globalbiogeochemical cycles with their activities? (Points : 1.25)

YES

Question 65.65. The richest marine ecosystems are those in theopen water where large fish abound. (Points : 1.25)

TRUE

FALSE

Question 66.66. What is involved in the process ofdenitrification? (Points : 1.25)

conversion of nitrogen gas to ammonium

conversion of nitrogen gas to nitrate

conversion of ammonium to nitrate

conversion of nitrite to nitrate

conversion of nitrate to nitrogen gas

Question 67.67. What is the loss of water from plants called?(Points : 1.25)

runoff

precipitation

evaporation

transpiration

transference

Question 68.68. Decomposers perform a valuable service becausethey recycle nutrients. (Points : 1.25)

TRUE

FALSE

Question 69.69. There is more nitrogen gas in the atmospherethan there is oxygen. (Points : 1.25)

TRUE

FALSE

Question 70.70. Which of the following defines an ecosystems?(Points : 1.25)

a group of organisms of the same speciesinteracting together

all of the living organisms in an area interactingtogether

all living organisms and the nonliving environmentinteracting together

aspects of the nonliving environment interactingtogether

all the places on Earth where living organisms canbe found

Question 71.71. In MDCs, many people do not eat enough protein.(Points : 1.25)

TRUE

FALSE

Question 72.72. The age structure diagram of MDCs is shaped like(Points : 1.25)

a pyramid.

an inverted pyramid.

a rectangle.

an oval.

a cube.

Question 73.73. The biggest problem in moving toward asustainable society with the LDCs is overconsumption. (Points :1.25)

TRUE

FALSE

Question 74.74. A sustainable society is one that provides allof the goods and services desired by humans. (Points : 1.25)

TRUE

FALSE

Question 75.75. In order to have a negative population growthrate, (Points : 1.25)

the birthrate must exceed the death rate.

the biotic potential of the population mustincrease.

the death rate must exceed the birth rate.

the carrying capacity for the population mustincrease.

only replacement reproduction can occur.

Question 76.76. Why should pregnant women and small children noteat certain fish? (Points : 1.25)

herbicide contamination

mercury contamination

pesticide contamination

lead contamination

PCB contamination

Question 77.77. What do hydropower and wind power have incommon? (Points : 1.25)

Both require the building of dams.

Both lead to an increase in greenhouse gasemissions.

Both are renewable energy sources.

Both result in the depletion of fossil fuels.

Both require the use of photovoltaic cells.

Question 78.78. Which organism would be most impacted bybiomagnification? (Points : 1.25)

eagles

rabbits

wheat plants

earthworms

corn

Question 79.79. Most of the freshwater in the world is used for(Points : 1.25)

drinking.

bathing.

irrigation.

watering lawns.

industrial needs.

Question 80.80. Which of the following is not associated withgroundwater depletion? (Points : 1.25)

subsidence

sinkholes

saltwater intrusion

lowering of the water table

sediment buildup

silverarmadillo533

The total amount of energy invested in the production of living biomass in a community is that community's

Select one:

a. gross primary productivity

b. net primary productivity

c. gross photosynthetic efficiency

d. net photosynthetic efficiency

Which of the following factors accounts for the largest number of documented extinctions that have occurred in the last 1,000 years?

Select one:

a. Deforestation

b. Habitat fragmentation

c. Pollution

d. Invasive species

In terrestrial ecosystems, the greatest current cause of species endangerment is

Select one:

a. invasive species

b. habitat loss

c. overharvesting

d. pollution

Carbon dioxide has a warming effect on the earth's atmosphere. This is because it absorbs

Select one:

a. ultraviolet radiation coming from the earth's surface

b. visible light coming directly from the sun

c. ultaviolet radiation coming from the sun

d. infrared radiation coming from the earth's surface

The overall productivity of the open ocean has declined as a result of global warming.This is believed to be because

Select one:

a. ocean stratification has intensified

b. cloud cover has increased, reducing sunlight over the ocean

c. higher temperatures have directly inhibited algal photosynthesis

d. the amount of carbon dioxide dissolved in the ocean has decreased

Positive feedback might occur in response to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels as a result of

Select one:

a. soil decomposers increasing the rate at which they break down organic molecules

b. oceans absorbing more carbon dioxide in the form of bicarbonate ions

c. an increase in the rate at which fossil fuels are formed

d. plants accelerating their growth by taking up more carbon dioxide

Which nitrogen-containing molecules in soil represent a usable source of nitrogen for plants?

Select one:

a. Nitrogenous bases of nucleic acids

b. All of these

c. Ammonium

d. Amino acids

In a tropical forest ecosystem, "edgeâ habitat is considered to be of relatively low quality for conservation purposes because it

Select one:

a. tends to contain more invasive species

b. all of these

c. tends to contain more early-successional species

d. is more exposed to the effects of wind

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ENWC201 Lecture 3: ENWC 201: Lec. 3/4

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