ENWC201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Gull, Proventriculus, Cecum
16 May 2018
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Lecture 5: Habitat
• Habitat
o The physical and biological resources required by an organism for its survival and
reproduction
• Basic components of a habitat
o Food
o Shelter (cover)
o Water
o Space
• Habitat selection
o Choice of settings that favor survival and reproduction
• Cover
o Provides protection from the elements and predators
• Food
o The energy in food provide metabolic fuel for all processes
• Digestive Adaptations
o Adaptations for diet
▪ Carnivores have relatively shorter GIT
▪ Herbivores have longer and more complex digestive tracts
• Ruminants and cecum fermentations
o Herbivores
▪ Ruminants (deer) posses multi-chambered stomachs
• Microbes aid in digestion
• Mutualism
• Foregut
▪ These with simple stomachs have well developed cecum
• Rabbits and beavers
• Hind gut
o Avian digestive adaptations
▪ Specialized bill and bill structures
▪ Large esophagus with expanded crop
• Seed storage
• Milk production
▪ Two sectioned stomach
• Proventriculus: chemical digestion
• Gizzard: grinds up food with though abrasive lining
• Specialists vs Generalists feeders
o Snail kites (specialists)
▪ Sharp curves beak
o Sea gull (generalists)
▪ Eat almost anything
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