CHEM 140A Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Alkyl, Propyl Group, London Dispersion Force
4 Apr 2016
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Increasing size of a (h-a bond gets weaker, so more reactive, down the pt) Increasing electronegativity (moving to the right in pt) 2: resonance (more resonance structures of conjugate base more stable conjugate base equilibrium lies further to the products more acidic) Degree of unsaturation: degree of how many bonds/rings there could be, if saturated, #hydrogens = 2(#carbons) + 2 #halogens + #nitrogens. Nh = 2nc + 2 nx + nn. More negative pka value more acidic (equilibrium more towards the products) Memorize pka of: h2so4 (sulfuric acid) = -5, h2o = 15. 7, h3o+ (hydronium) = -1. 7, ch3cooh (acetic acid) = 4. 7, ch4 (methane) (weakest acid) = 50. Butane (c4h10: straight chain: ch3ch2ch2ch3, line notation: /\/\/\/\, branched (2-methylpropane): flux-capacitor-esque trigonal planar thingy, /\/\/\/ and trigonal planar flux-capacitor thing are constitutional isomers. Define # of cyclic by how many bonds you have to break to get to a completely acyclic structure.
