BILD 1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Electrochemical Gradient, Bild, Atp Hydrolysis

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raspberrydinosaur128

13 Mar 2019

School

UCSD

Department

Biology/Lower Division

Course

BILD 1

Professor

Stephanie Mel

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Document Summary

The pump stops working: this protein gradient is critical for the function, if this pump no longer this means that, a: sucrose transport worked than this transporter wouldn"t work, it"s a hydrophilic solute. Whether hydrophilic or hydrophobic, or if it requires a protein , facilitated diffusion. Water gets across membranes on its own its lower than through channel. What that means if hydrophilic solute , water molecules are tied up to hydrophobic solute. Goes from higher to lower concentraion of free water. Swell, shrink, or shrivel, this has all sorts of consequences if they are not in solutions that are isotonic, there are ways to regulate the tonicity or solute concentrations. Passive process go down no energy, something diffusing thru membrane like steroid and gasses. Other transports, things go against gradients need energy( active) Requires energy to take things across a membrane against its gradient.

Related Questions

1. The plasma membrane of liver cells contains a glucose uniportthat transports glucose by facilitated diffusion. When the[glucose] is higher inside the liver cell than the [glucose]outside the liver cell, the glucose uniport will

A. couple the transport of glucose out of the cell to thehydrolysis of ATP

B. couple the transport of glucose into the cell to thehydrolysis of ATP

C. switch to a closed conformation, allowing no transport ofglucose

D. transport glucose out of the cell by passive transport

E. transport glucose in of the cell by passive transport

2. Unlike the positive charged ion shown in the middle diagramof figure 11-4B, K+ is higher in concentration inside the cell. Howwill the membrane potential of a cell at rest (shown in both themiddle and right-hand diagrams of Figure 11-4B) affect theelectrochemical gradient for K+?

A. The membrane potential will increase the electrochemicalgradient

B. The membrane potential will decrease the electrochemicalgradient

C. The membrane potential will have no effect on theelectrochemical gradient

3. Which of the following proteins carries out activetransport?

A. gluclose symport

B. Bacteriorhodopsin

C. ABC transporter

D. NA K pump

E. All of the above

4. Aquaporin will not transport Na+ ions because

A. Two asparagine residues in the channel prevent the passage ofNa+ ions by binding the oxygen of each water molecule as it passesby

B. Na+ ions are repelled by the positive charges at the entranceto the channel

C. Na+ ions cannot make contact with the carbonyl (C=O) groupson all four sides of the channel

D. The passage of Na+ ions is energetically unfavorable becauseone side of the channel is hydrophobic in nature

5. The acetylcholine receptor is different from other channelproteins we have discussed, such as the K+ leak channel,because

A. The acetylcholine channel is composed of a single polypeptiderather than multiple subunits

B. The acetylcholine channel transports Na+ ions against theconcentration gradient for sodium

C. The acetylcholine channel has a much smaller diameter thanother channel proteins

D. The acetylcholine channel transports ions with theirassociated shell of water molecules

E. The acetylcholine channel is always open, and never switchesto a closed conformation

6. After opening briefly along the axon of a neuron,voltage-gated ion channels switch to an inactivated conformationthat slowly returns to the original closed conformation of theprotein. This slow change in conformation, requiring about amillisecond, is important because

A. all of the ions that were transported across the membranewhen the ion channels were open must be actively transported backto the other side of the membrane, restoring the originalconcentration gradient, before the ion channels can open again

B. ATP hydrolysis is necessary to drive this energeticallyunfavorable change in conformation

C. it prevents the action potential from reversing direction andtraveling back toward the cell body of the neuron

D. the channel protein must be dephosphorylated in order tocomplete the transport process and return to the originalnonphosphorylated conformation

limeelephant476

Part 1

The enzyme responsible for the synthesis of ATP is

Multiple choice

ATP-ase.

cytochrome C.

NADPH.

ATP synthase.

Part 2

The terminal electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is water.

True/Fale

Part 3

Alex, Kim, and Jenna have different levels of activity, and thus require a varied amount of calories per day. Alex is an athlete, and he requires 3500 calories per day to fuel his high intensity activity. Jenna is a secretary and is sedentary most of her day. Her low level of activity requires a mere 1800 calories a day, while Kim, a professional dancer, needs 2800 calories per day to fuel her moderate level of activity.

	Jenna	Kim	Alex
Profession	Secretary	Professional Dancer	Athlete
Level of Activity	Low	Moderate	High
Caloric Needs	1800 Calories/Day	2800 Calories/Day	3500 Calories/Day

Fats are broken down in cellular respiration to generate the ATP needed to fuel our bodies. According to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Percent Recommended Daily value for fats in a balanced diet should not exceed more than 30% of the total daily calorie intake. Fats provide 9 calories per gram.

Nutritional needs of Jenna

What question would this calculation answer?
Finding 30% of 1800 calories and then dividing by 9 calories per gram.
1800 calories x 0.30 = 440 calories
440 calories/9 calories per gram = 49 grams

Multiple Choice

How many grams of fat can Jenna consume in one meal?

How many fat calories can Jenna consume each day?

How many calories are found in 9 grams of fat?

How many grams of fat can Jenna consume each day?

Part 4

Proton pumps are protein complexes that

Multiple Choice

synthesize water from hydrogen and oxygen.

break down water into hydrogen and oxygen.

move hydrogen ions across cell membranes.

move electrons through the cell membrane.

Part 5

As protons move through the proton pump,

Multiple Choice

the membrane becomes more permeable to the hydrogen ions.

the concentration of hydrogen ions inside and outside the cell reaches equilibrium.

they build up on one side of the membrane, producing a concentration gradient.

conformational changes occur within the membrane proteins.

Part 6

The transfer of hydrogen ions across the membrane generates a potential energy gradient.

True/False

I have this questions for my homework i need help with them look please it is important i need help so please give me the correct answers for each question and also please be clear to understand and aslo be correct it is very important becuase i need them so i really need the right answers. please help me and be correct and clear it is important ok

Question 5

At a constant temperature, if you increase the number of unsaturated fatty acid chains in the phospholipid, the membrane will become......

less fluid

more fluid

fluidity will be unchanged

Question 6

Bacteria in a hot spring at 80 degrees celsius would be expected to have ______________ in their cell membrane

high proportions of saturated phospholipids

high proportions of unsaturated phospholipids

an equal ratio of saturated to unsaturated phospholipid

Question 7

Membrane proteins have an important role in membrane fluidity

True

False

Question 8

The HIV virus can't attach to cells that have a mutation in the CCR5 gene and so such individuals are resistant to HIV. What population of people have a higher incidence of the mutant CCR5 gene and why?

europeans because their ancestors survived the bubonic plague

North Americans because their ancestors survived small pox

europeans because they have a longer evolutionary past with HIV

Africans because they have a longer evolutionary past with HIV

Question 9

Nematode trapping fungi have ______________ molecules called ______________ that recognize specific carbohydrates on the surface of the nematode worms. This is how a fungus can recognize that its prey, the nematode worm, has wriggled into the loop. Write two words on lowercase separated by a space with no other syntax

Question 10

Diffusion requires energy

True

False

Question 11

The net direction of molecule movement when molecules diffuse is

down their concentration gradient

random directions

Question 12

In osmosis, water molecules from a solution of higher solute concentration cross a semi-permeable membrane into a solution of lower solute concentration?

True

False

Question 13

Which best defines osmosis?

In osmosis, water from a solution of lower solute concentration move across a semi-permeable membrane into a solution of higher solute concentration?

In osmosis, water from a solution of higher solute concentration move across a semi-permeable membrane into a solution of lower solute concentration?

Question 14

Animal cells placed into a hypotonic solution would most likely?

lyse (burst)

shrink

remain unchanged in size

Question 15