BIPN 100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Somatic Nervous System, Collagen, Tendon Reflex

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browngnu790

26 Jun 2018

School

UCSD

Department

Biology/Animal Physiol & Neurosc

Course

BIPN 100

Professor

Catalina Reyes Gonzales

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BIPN100 Lecture 8 Notes 4/18/18

- Anatomy of spinal cord

oGray matter contains dorsal and ventral horn, which

contain nuclei (group of cell bodies in CNS)

oWhite matter contains myelinated axons that take

information in or out of CNS

oEach segment of spinal cord has 2 spinal nerves exiting

each side, through dorsal and ventral roots

oDorsal root carries sensory information: from body to CNS to

be integrated

Sensory neurons have cell bodies in dorsal ganglia (group

of cell bodies in PNS)

The terminal of the sensory neurons connect synapse

with other neurons at the dorsal horn of spinal cord.

Group of axons in PNS (nerve)

oVentral root brings motor information away from CNS (efferent signal)

using motor neurons

Cell body of motor neurons in gray matter (in CNS; considered

nuclei); bundle of axons (nerves) leave through ventral root

odorsal columns: ascending pathways (green): carry sensory

information of pressure, fine touch, and proprioception

oanterolateral tracts: carry sensory information of pressure and pain

oventromedial and dorsolateral tracts: carry motor information

- Functions of the spinal cord

oWhite matter of the spinal cord

oGray matter of the spinal cord: integrates information

Produces reflexes: fast involuntary sequence of actions in

response to a stimulus. Happens right before the information

reaches the brain, by which you understand what happened.

Spinal reflexes are integrated in the spinal cord. Cranial reflexes

are integrated in the brain stem (integrates cardiovascular,

respiratory, movement reflexes, etc.)

Can learn to modulate/inhibit reflexes: going to bathroom,

holding breath

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Document Summary

Sensory neurons have cell bodies in dorsal ganglia (group of cell bodies in pns) The terminal of the sensory neurons connect synapse with other neurons at the dorsal horn of spinal cord. Group of axons in pns (nerve: ventral root brings motor information away from cns (efferent signal) using motor neurons. Functions of the spinal cord: white matter of the spinal cord, gray matter of the spinal cord: integrates information. Produces reflexes: fast involuntary sequence of actions in response to a stimulus. Happens right before the information reaches the brain, by which you understand what happened. Spinal reflexes are integrated in the spinal cord. Cranial reflexes are integrated in the brain stem (integrates cardiovascular, respiratory, movement reflexes, etc. ) Can learn to modulate/inhibit reflexes: going to bathroom, holding breath. Reflex arc: pathway followed by nerve impulses that produce a reflex. Pathway of sensory information going to cns to be integrated.

Related Questions

Animal Physiology-

1. Our case study included a variety of reflexes, some of which were autonomic reflexes. This means that motoroutput occurred at the level of cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, or secretory epithelial cells. Autonomic reflexescan be categorized according to the location where motor information exits the CNS. Consequently, thepupillary light reflex is a: (a) parasympathetic reflex (b) sympathetic reflex

11. Each retina contains a layer of ganglion cells. Axons from these neurons project into two regions on eachside of the body midline. Axons that enable vision project into the: (a) mibrain (b) thalamus (c) sensory cortex

13. Where does central integration occur for reflex turning of the head and the pupillary light reflex? (a) sensory cortex (b) midbrain (c) brainstem

16. Is every reflex associated with the head an autonomic reflex? yes or no

17. Is reflex turning of the head an autonomic reflex? yes or no

20. Sympathetic motor output exits the CNS only at the level of the: (a) brainstem and pelvic cord (b) thoracolumbar spinal cord (c) brainstem and cervical spinal cord

22. How many types of motor nuclei are found within the cord? (a) two, i.e. motor and autonomic (b) three, i.e. motor, sympathetic, and parasympathetic

23. How many motor nuclei are found at the level of the thoracolumbar cord? (a) four (b) two

31. Neurons within the intermediolateral nuclei are innervated by axons that project through the bulbospinalfiber tracts. These tracts originate within the: (a) motor cortex (b) midbrain (c) brainstem

33. Are the left and right paravertebral ganglion chains found along the length of the spinal cord? yes or no

magentatrout753

#1 Visceral sensory information enters the CNS on afferent fibers within

A) dorsal roots S_2 to S_4.

B) dorsal roots T_1 to L_2.

C) cranial nerves V, VII, IX, and X.

D) both B and C

E) A, B, and C

#2 Which of the following is not a function of the neuroglia?

A) support

B) memory

C) phagocytosis

D) secretion of cerebrospinal fluid

E) maintenance of blood-brain barrier

#3 Mary is in an automobile accident and suffers a spinal cord injury. She has lost feeling in her lower

body. Her doctor tells her that swelling is compressing a portion of her spinal cord. Which part of

her cord is likely to be compressed?

A) the anterior gray commissures

B) the anterior white commissures

C) the anterior gray horns

D) ascending tracts

E) descending tracts

#4 The efferent division of the peripheral nervous system innervates:

A) skeletal muscle cells

B) glandular cells

C) smoothmusdecells

D) heart muscle cells

E) all of the above

#5 Cerebrospinal fluid flows within the

A) pia mater.

B) dura mater.

C) filum terminale.

D) arachnoid mater.

E) subarachnoid space.

#6 A patient develops a tumor of a cranial nerve that leads to difficulty in speaking from a loss of

tongue movement.which cranial nerve is affected?

A) glossopharyngeal

B) vagus

C) spinal accessory

D) hypoglossal

E) trigeminal

#7 Parkinson disease is the result of

A) inadequate production of dopamine by substantia nigra neurons.

B) inadequate production of GABA by neurons in the basal nuclei.

C) weak response of the red nuclei of the mesencephalon.

D) decreased levels of acetylcholine from neurons in the substantia nigra.

E) hyperactivity of the limbic system.

#8 Based on the motor homunculus, which of the followingbody regions has the largest motor units?

A) larynx B) hands C) tongue D) face E) back

#9 If the corpus callosum is surgically cu!

A) conscious decisions are made without regard to sensations from the left side.

B) objects toudred by the left hand can be recognized but not verbally identified.

C) symptoms of the "disconnection syndrome" appear.

D) the two cerebral hemispheres operate independently.

E) all of the above

#10 The flexor reflex

A) moves a limb away from a painful stimulus.

B) is an example of a monosynaptic reflex.

C) prevents a musde from generating damaging tension.

D) usually depends on cranial neurons.

E) prevents a muscle from overstretching.

#11 The subdural space lies between

A) the dura mater and the arachnoid mater.

B) the arachnoid mater and the pia mater.

C) the endosteum and the periosteum.

D) the pia mater and the dura mater.

E) the pia mater and the subarachnoid space.

#12 _____ is a condition resulting from an inflammation of a facial nerve.

A) Cerebral palsy

B) Addison disease

C) Bell palsy

D) any of the

#12 Clusters of RER and free ribosomes in neurons are called

A) microglia.

B) neurofilaments.

C) neurofibrils.

D) Nisslbodies.

E) perikaryon.

1.All peripheral sensory input enters the spinal cord through the 2.Mechanoreceptor afferents are divided into two main classes based on(Points : 2) 3.Branches of SAI afferents terminate in ____________ where they are proposed to be the site of ____________ transduction.(Points : 2) 4.SAI afferents appear to be used by the CNS to perceive(Points : 2) 5.AII afferents have ________ receptive fields and greater sensitivity to ________ than do SAI afferents.(Points : 2) 6.Somatosensory afferents from the muscle are sensitive to ___________ while afferents from the tendon are sensitive to ___________.(Points : 2) 7.Kinesthesia is obtained by convergent afferents of the muscles, tendons, joints and___________8.Nociceptors respond to ________ stimuli and sense through use of ___________.(Points : 2) 9.First pain is transmitted through ______ receptors that carry discriminative information, and second pain is modulated by _______ receptors.(Points : 2) 10.Acute skin damage is accompanied by ____________ that is the result of local activation of nociceptors leading to ________.(Points : 2) 11.Somatic sensation retains separation of mechanosensation and __________ from nociception and ___________ which is evident from PNS to CNS.(Points : 2)12.The primary somatosensory cortex has ventral projections to(Points : 2) 13.The dorsal stream of the somatosensory cortex project to(Points : 2) 14.The dorsal column nuclei are located(Points : 2) 15.The lateral cervical nucleus is located in the ____________ and display ___________ receptive fields.(Points : 2) 16.Non-perceptual input of nociceptors influence behavior by(Points : 2)17. sensory trigeminal system is composed of the...18.The receptive fields of secondary somatosensory cortical neurons are ___________ than those of the primary somatosensory cortex.(Points : 2) 19.Receptive fields in the primary somatosensory cortex are(Points : 2)I really need help with this please! The person who is able to help me with the CORRECT answers will be compensated with 3000 points! This assignment will be graded instantly by a computer so I will know if the person actually tried or if they just put in some crazy answers just to get the points. The points will be rewarded IMMEDIATELY after the assignment is graded, which, as I stated above is done instantly by the computer once submitted. At least 75 to 80% of the questions must be correct in order to receice all 3000 points today. Thank you SO much in advance!!! :)

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BIPN 100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Somatic Nervous System, Collagen, Tendon Reflex

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