PNB 2264 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Bone, Elastic Cartilage, Osteon
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8 Sep 2019
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Compact bone : strong, absorbs a lot of energy before fracturing. Spongy / cancellous bone : porous, elastic and flexible (can change. Every bone contains both compact and cancellous bone. Long bones : significantly longer in one axis, provide strength and shape without fracturing support. Epiphysis : the end sections of a long bone. Diaphysis : the middle section of a long bone. Metaphysis : the narrow portion of a long bone, between the epiphysis and diaphysis. Osteon : the basic structural / functional unit of compact bone. Cylindrical in shape, run parallel to bone shaft. Osteons are wrapped together by periosteum (outer fibrous layer) Osteons contain empty spaces called lacunae , which hold bone. Canaliculi : canal systems, allow nutrients to move through cells (osteocytes) lacunae. Hydroxyapatite : a mineral in bone that is made up of calcium and phosphate; the main calcium storage in the body. Osteoblasts : build up bone matrix, by secreting hydroxyapatite.
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