MCB 2410 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Sister Chromatids, Cell Nucleus, Centromere
17 Dec 2018
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Document Summary
Dna double helix wraps into chromatosome wraps around nucleosome core of eight histone molecules wrapped into chromosomes. Karyotype - the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species. One chromosome copy from mom + one chromosome copy from dad. Each chromosome may contain different alleles of a gene. Allele - different versions of the same gene. A chromosome can have 2 or 4 telomeres depending if the chromosome is a dyad. Centromere - connects the p arm and q are. A single chromosome can refer to the left (a single chromatid) or the right (sister chromatids attached at the centromere. # of chromosomes = # of centromeres. Dyad - a chromosome composed of two sister chromosomes. Successful replication and division of dna is extremely important. Cancer - improper and uncontrollable cell division. Aneuploidy - improper number of chromosomes in the genome. Mitosis - make two genetically identical daughter cells.
