HIST 1400 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Counter-Revolutionary, September Massacres
Document Summary
Third estate (towns and peasants: middle class (bourgeoisie, shopkeeper (retail, professional (lawyer, doctor, bureaucrat, high middle class (merchant, banking, manufacture, invest in land aspire to noble status) Very important that artisans are accepted into a guild before they began their work. Guilds are an organization to protect artisans: dangerous class : unemployed, beggars, criminals, and prostitutes. Middle class/bourgeoisie vs. sans-culottes/jacobins (political group,represent ideas of culottes: middle class: constitutional monarchy, property qualifications, open market limit guilds, War and violence: war: austria/prussia declare war on france (april, 1792, august 1792: national assembly overthrown and declared a republic. Terror 1793-1794: committee of public safety: head is robespierre, saint-just (determined who was executed), danton (works closely with robespierre but eventually tries to convince. Robespierre to stop the executions, he thinks enough is enough. Robespierre and was executed for disagreeing with him. : revolutionary courts: marie antoinette, (2600 in paris), 40,000 (guillotine, drowning, etc. ) Army created to defend revolution and france begins to gain victories.
