GEOG 1200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: Urban Heat Island, Flint, Michigan, Lead Paint
Cities of the 21st
Century
LECTURE SEVEN
Are Cities Unhealthy?
Higher rates of crime
Higher infant mortality rates
Higher rates of AIDS
Higher likelihood of being a dumpsite
Higher rates of asthma
Lead paint
Are Cities Unhealthy?
Air pollution Dementia
Are Cities Unhealthy?
China: 16/20 most polluted cities
Air pollution
Why?
1) Cars
2) Coal
Are Cities Unhealthy?
Top 10 polluted
Life expectancy= 10 years less
Pittsburgh: pollution = $500M
Norilsk, Russia
Are Cities Unhealthy?
Flint, MI
Climate Change
Urban Heat Island Effect
Albedo
How to Make Cities Healthy
Reduce car usage London Congestion System (2003)
$15 congestion fee for using local roads during peak hours
How to Make Cities Healthy
Bike share program
London: 20% increase in cycling
reduces pollution by 12%
Portland, OR= 8%
The Netherlands = 27%
U.S.
38% 12%
Seattle, WA: 10 year $240M bike path investment
How To Make Cities Healthy
Public transportation
U.S. = 1.5% of commutes
D.C., S.F., & NYC = 5%
Barcelona & Rome- 35% Tokyo & Hong Kong= 73%
How To Make Cities Healthy
Walkability
“Bright Flight” How?
1) Reduce city block size 2) One way streets
Widen sidewalks
New Orleans= 7ft
3) Eliminate curb side parking
Business effects
4) Vegetation
A) Oxygen
B) Absorb runoff
C) Lower urban temp
D) Lower stress
Block size vs. fatalities
How To Make Cities Healthy
Home values
Charlotte, NC
$34,000
Reduce pedestrian deaths (3.2M)
Home values
40%
Dallas, TX
20’s Plenty Hoboken, NJ
How To Make Cities Healthy
Reduce garbage
San Francisco: eliminated in 2007
Portland, OR: gym bike energy plan
Chicago: “Green zones”
Philadelphia “Greenest city” 1,073 acres / 1.7B gallons
How to Make Cities Healthy
How To Make Cities Healthy
Reduce crime Jack Maple NYC crime mapping
How To Make Cities Healthy
Johannesburg, South Africa
Integrated Development Plan Situational Crime Prevention
Cities of the 21st Century
A new urban shift?
The end of suburbs?
A revival of the urban core?
The 2008 Recession
Florida: home values decreased 30%
Seminole-Orange County= 71%
Motel America
Westchester, NY: 1,700 homes foreclosed
Las Vegas: 30,000 people left
The 2008 Recession
2011: Chicago and NYC
-Suburbs declined in population
-City increased in population
2020: 40 millions vacant homes
: 72% will lack children
Seattle and Washington D.C.
-Suburban homes have decline 21%
-Urban homes increased as much as 500%
The 2008 Recession
Construction shift
New York
1990: 70% in suburbs/ 7% in city
2008: 9% in suburbs/ 70% in city
The end of suburbs?
End of Suburbs: Population Shifts
Fewer marriages and kids Less need for a big home
88% of new homes don’t have children
End of Suburbs: Population Shifts
School closures
Levittown, PA: enrollment down 18%
Portland, ME: closed 2/3 elementary schools
This means… Population is getting older
Austintown: oldest town outside FL.
20% of population are seniors
End of Suburbs: Population Shifts
Declined by 19% (1980-2010) Millennials who live at home
1) Don’t want to own a home
2) Want to move to the city
End of Suburbs: Financial Expenses
Energy costs
2003: $1,422
2008: $3,000
Less income
End of Suburbs: Financial Expenses
Smaller homes
2003: 2,500 sq. ft.
2008: 2,150 sq. ft.
Document Summary
congestion fee for using local roads during peak hours. London: 20% increase in cycling reduces pollution by 12% Seattle, wa: 10 year m bike path investment. Bright flight how: reduce city block size 2) one way streets. New orleans= 7ft: eliminate curb side parking. Business effects: vegetation, oxygen, absorb runoff, lower urban temp, lower stress. Philadelphia greenest city 1,073 acres / 1. 7b gallons. Fewer marriages and kids less need for a big home. Declined by 19% (1980-2010) millennials who live at home: don"t want to own a home, want to move to the city. Poverty rates are increasing faster in suburbs vs. cities: lack public transit https://www. youtube. com/watch?v=4. Poor neighborhoods increased 54% in suburbs vs. 18% in city. Why: job shift 3) cost of living. Phoenix, az farmland allocated for sprawl is being rezoned back. Bringing life back to the city: gentrification 2) revitalization 3) new urbanism. Tailored towards: the young 2) single 3) non-car owners.
