EEB 2202 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Zygosity, Denisovan, Point Mutation
24 Jan 2017
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Stringer"s late multiregional/assimilation model: neanderthal dna makes up to ~2. 5% of non-african h. sapiens. Dna: about the same fraction in europeans and asians, a higher % of denisovan dna ~3-6% is found in some people in. New guinea and australia: suspects that center of african evolution moved around. Variation: phenotypic- observable characteristics of an individual organism, anything you can observe or measure. Can result from either or both genetic and environmental sources. Disentangling both components for phenotypic analysis is a major challenge: genetic- in dna sequences, genetic makeup of individual. Examples: diabetes, cancer, blood type, learning, reproduction, eye color, hair color, skin color: environmental- affect phenotypes of many human traits. Examples- abiotic factors, temperature, humidity, seasonality, sunlight. Can affect food and nutrition, activity level, culture and behavior. Typical gene has hundreds to thousands of nucleotides: alleles- are alternative forms of a particular gene created by mutations of the nucleotide sequence. Example- eye color: rna, amino acids, proteins.
