BIOL 1108 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Rpob, Vancomycin, Molecular Evolution
Document Summary
Core concept 6: molecular evolution is a change in dna or amino acid sequences over time. Artificial selection: drug-resistance in m. tuberculosis: normal rpob gene: drug binds to rna polymerase, prevents transcription, and kills bacteria, rpob gene with c t mutation: drug binds loosely and does not prevent transcription. Artificial selection in action: heritable variation exists. Individuals with certain traits to produce more offspring. These traits become more common: the population is better adapted to the new environment, ex. The emergence of vancomycin-resistant bacteria in the late 1980s, your grandparents and parents caused this! As more and more patients use vancomycin to treat infections, develop vancomycin-resistant. Molecular evolution: molecular clock: different/vary for every organism. Some genes are more selectively constrained than others: genetic divergence: function of time and species involved. The ter(cid:373) (cid:862)(cid:374)(cid:863) refers to the size of a populatio(cid:374), that is, the (cid:374)u(cid:373)(cid:271)er of i(cid:374)di(cid:448)iduals i(cid:374) that population.