CFD 1450 Lecture Notes - Lecture 41: Emotional Contagion, Prefrontal Cortex
CHAPTER 7- EMOTIONAL AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN INFANCY AND
TODDLERHOOD
Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages
Age
Erikson’s stage
First year
Basic trust versus mistrust
Toddlerhood
Autonomy versus shame and doubt
Emotional Development
• Emotions
o They are an integral part of children’s dynamic systems of action
o Energize development
o Become more varied and complex with age
• Facial expressions are the best clues to infants’ emotions
• Emotional expressions vary with individual’s developing capacities, goals, context
First Appearance of Basic Emotions
• Happiness
o Smile:
▪ From birth
o Social smile:
▪ 6–10 weeks
o Laughter:
▪ 3–4 months
• Anger
o General distress:
▪ From birth
o Anger:
▪ 4–6 months
• Sadness
o Distress to “still face”:
▪ 2–7 months
• Fear
o First fears:
▪ 6–12 months
o Stranger anxiety:
▪ 8–12 months
Understanding Emotions of Others
• Emotional contagion:
o Early infancy
• Recognition of emotion in others’ facial expressions:
o 4–5 months
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