BIOL 3402 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Angiotensin, Circulatory System, Olfaction
Document Summary
All body processes require atp: most atp needs oxygen and produces carbon dioxide. Oxygen diffuses into blood, carbon dioxide diffuses out. Works with cardiovascular system: cardiopulmonary system . Works with urinary system to regulate acid-base (ph) balance. Expulsion of abdominal contents: valsalva maneuver. Principal organs: nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs. Exchanges gases with bloodstream through alveolar wall, then: conducting division flows back out. Includes those passages that serve only for airflow. Nostrils through major bronchioles: respiratory division. Consists of alveoli and other gas exchange regions: upper tract. Trachea through lungs: trachea has cartilage. Cells: squamous (type 1) alveolar cells. Broad, thin, gas exchange, 95% of surface area: great (type ii) alveolar cells. Allows opening on inhale: alveolar macrophages. For gas exchange: pulmonary artery to alveoli (oxygen-poor blood, pulmonary vein back to heart (oxygen-rich blood) Gases diffuse too slowly to aerate blood. Alveoli are dry by absorption by capillaries. Low capillary pressure prevents delicate respiratory membrane from damage.
