PHYSCI 5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, Insulin Receptor, Insulin Resistance
Type 2 diabetes , not because of the beta cells
● The problem isn’t because of insulin or pancreas, but is because of the insulin receptor
● Insulin binds to insulin receptor, and we have increase
● When the insulin binds to the receptor, we don’t get a major increase in glucose
Problem of type two diabetics
● Patient is not responding well with insulin -- doesn’t say that the patient doesn’t respond
to insulin , but doesn’t respond well
● Insulin resistance or insulin insensitivity
Diabetes type 2 is definitely related to lifestyle and has link to consuming food and obesity and
positive feedback loop
● Obesity → type 2, type 2 makes obesity and each make each other worse
The Problem:
● Insulin not doing its function -- gonna stay high, but eventually it will drop
● Diabetic patient will take 6 hours
○ Constant more glucose in blood
Since pancreas is releasing an amount of insulin, and insulin not doing job, as a counter,
release more insulin and amount of insulin in diabetic patient is high
● Insulin is a hormone that promotes fat storage and prevents fat breakdown
● Glucose goes nowhere and high amount of insulin and insulin promote fat storage keep
storing that’s why insulin and type 2 are
On avg, type 2 diabetic will on average have more glucose in the blood and more fat storage
cells not responding and that’s how they remain more in blood
● More fat storage because the pancreas isn’t getting the job done
● More fat storage because insulin is high
Patients find out in blood test and we’re supposed to do annual exam
● Or someone tells you by coincidence and no symptoms
● Some patients notice that they get shaky when not eating, go to doctor and get
lightheaded or dizzy and they decide on facts = how is it diagnosed,
1. Fasting glucose level at least 10 hours
a. Normal is 70-100 mg/dL
b. If diabetic, it’s 126 mg/dL or greater
c. 101-125 is prediabetic or insulin resistance
2. Type 2 - Measure fasting plasma glucose
3. OG
a. Give them a dose of glucose
b. To measure, have a machine that pokes your finger and place blood on strip and
it will give you a reading
c. The graph of healthy subject is that it goes up after 15 and then pancreas kicked
in for the plasma glucose levels and within 2 hours, it is back to normal
d. By 2 hours, it’s still very high and didn't even drop, takes a lot longer for it to go
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Document Summary
Type 2 diabetes , not because of the beta cells. The problem isn"t because of insulin or pancreas, but is because of the insulin receptor. Insulin binds to insulin receptor, and we have increase. When the insulin binds to the receptor, we don"t get a major increase in glucose. Patient is not responding well with insulin -- doesn"t say that the patient doesn"t respond to insulin , but doesn"t respond well. Diabetes type 2 is definitely related to lifestyle and has link to consuming food and obesity and positive feedback loop. Obesity type 2, type 2 makes obesity and each make each other worse. Insulin not doing its function -- gonna stay high, but eventually it will drop. Since pancreas is releasing an amount of insulin, and insulin not doing job, as a counter, release more insulin and amount of insulin in diabetic patient is high. Insulin is a hormone that promotes fat storage and prevents fat breakdown.
