LIFESCI 3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Ethidium Bromide, Pyrimidine Dimer, Acridine Orange
Document Summary
Dna mutations: mutations, definition: any permanent change in dna sequence, exception = lesions: temporary change in dna sequence. Deamination of cytosine to uracil: can happen at any time in the dna sometimes see uracil bases in dna because of these, ex. Deamination of 5-methyl cytosine to thymine: side note: cytosines are often methylated, methylation isn"t a mutation, methylation is useful for gene expression, depurination: losing a nitrogenous base, ex. Depurination of guanine: abasic site: where the nitrogenous base has left. Intercalating agents: definition: cause insertions or deletions, they"re all generally bulky adducts, process: wedge themselves into dna; can cause crosslinks within dna. Prevents normal dna replication: most common example: ethidium bromide, very carcinogenic compound, other examples, proflavin, acridine orange. Her2: her2 is on cancer cells & gets over-expressed, the therapy for her2 cancer targets the cancer-causing protein. Uau uac encodes for tyr tyr: missense mutation: changes the amino acid, ex.
