LIFESCI 1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Horizontal Gene Transfer, Anoxygenic Photosynthesis, Microbial Mat
Document Summary
Have small circles of additional dna called plasmids. Use diffusion to acquire gasses and nutrients. Conjugation: dna (usually a plasmid) from a donor cell is transferred into the recipient cell. Transformation: dna released into the environment by dead cells is taken up by a recipient cell. Transduction: dna is transferred from a donor to a recipient cell by a virus. Contrasts with vertical gene transfer (aka inheritance) Does not use water as electron donor. Fermentation an anaerobic process that converts sugars to acids, gas, or alcohols. Hyperthermophilic: very heat loving (up to 122 c) Entire communities of marine animals sustained by sulfur-oxidizing chemoautotrophic bacteria. Microbial mat communities have vertical gradients of abiotic communities. Autotrophic metabolism: oxygenic photosynthesis anoxygenic photosynthesis chemoautotrophy. Heterotrophic metabolism: aerobic respiration anaerobic respiration and fermentation. Nitrogen cycle: fixation: conversion of inorganic compound into an organic one. N2 ammonia (nh3) or nitrate no3. Nitrogen cycle begins and ends with prokaryotes.
