GE CLST M72B Lecture 9: Sex differences in diseases
9 Feb 2017
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The number of x chromosomes that a person has, whether the person has a y chromosome or not. Whether the person has testosterone before birth or not, whether the person has high or low levels of estradiol as an adult. Female bias: autoimmune diseases (multiple sclerosis, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus), depression, osteoporosis, sexually transmitted diseases, anterior neural tube defects, migraine. Male bias- adhd, tourette"s syndrome, parkinson"s disease, mental retardation, Fragile x syndrome, autism, duchenne muscular dystrophy, alcoholism. Some sex differences in genetic diseases are the result of x-linked mutations. Mutation of x gene means that the protein encoded by the gene is absent or functions improperly (loss of function or gain of abnormal protein) Males lose the only x gene they have at that locus. Females with mutation have another x allele that functions normally. In each xx cell, one of the two x chromosomes is shut down.
