PCB 3703C Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Endoplasmic Reticulum, Synapsis, Intellectual Disability

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redalligator852

18 Oct 2017

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Document Summary

Nuclear envelope: covers the nucleus externally. continues with lumen of rough and endoplasmic reticulum. Chromatin and chromosomes: 46 chromosomes (23 is paternal from father and 23 is maternal from mother) Before cell division there is interphase which has 3 steps. G1 (gap 1): the size of cell increases. S (synthetic) phase: duplication or replication of dna. G2 (gap 2): secretion of some enzymes which are required for cell division. Prophase: some microtubules are connected to chromosomes which is call kinetochores. Metaphase: they stay in one line and then form metaphase plate. Telophase: one cell becomes 2 cells (before telophase one cell has 2 nuclei for a shore time which is called cytokinesis) Meiosis 1: synapsis, crossing over, alignment, disjunction, cell division. Meiosis 2: synapsis, crossing over, alignment, disjunction, cell division. Down syndrome - extra chromosome 21 (mother being older in age can impact chance of child having down syndrome)

Related Questions

Part A:

In prokaryotes and eukaryotes cell reproduction is similar in that it requires some kind of signal to proceed, DNA replication, careful separation of the DNA into two equal portions, and division of the cytoplasm. How is cell reproduction different in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Select one:

a. In a eukaryotic organism, the signals for cell division are usually not related to the environment but to the function of the entire organism.

b. Eukaryotic cells constantly divide whenever environmental conditions are adequate and the cells are large enough.

c. The linear chromosomes in prokaryotes are constantly being updated.

d. Prokaryotic cell division requires cytokinesis before mitosis because of their small size.

e. The sexual phase of most prokaryotes (bacteria) is essential to the rapid cell division required for infection.

Part B:

What does the name Cyclin Dependent Kinase stand for?

Select one:

a. A protein important to the cell cycle that is dependent on DNA synthesis.

b. An enzyme that cuts DNA so that chromosomes can segregate.

c. An enzyme that phosphorylates other proteins using ATP only when the protein Cyclin is bound to the enzyme.

d. An enzyme that rolls along microtubules dragging a vesicle.

e. An enzyme that connects chromosomes to the spindle fiber.

Part C:

The Cell Cycle is divided into Mitosis, Cytokinesis, and Interphase. Mitosis can be ordered into the following phases:

Select one:

a. Prophase/Prometaphase/Metaphase/Anaphase/Telophase

b. Anaphase/Prometaphase/Metaphase/Prophase/Telophase

c. Metaphase/Anaphase/Telophase/Prophase/Prometaphase

d. Telophase/Prophase/Prometaphase/Metaphase/Anaphase

e. Anaphase/Telophase/Prophase/Prometaphase/Metaphase

Part D:

The Cell Cycle is divided into Mitosis, Cytokinesis, and Interphase. Interphase can be ordered into the following phases:

Select one:

a. S/G1/G2

b. G2/G1/S

c. G1/S/G2

d. G2/S/G1

e. G1/G2/S

amethystyak657

1.Which of the following scenarios correctly describe a major role of plasma membrane proteins?(SELECT ANY TRUE STATEMENTS.)

A protein that helps store DNA in the nucleus

A protein traveling in the bloodstream to act as a hormone

A protein that helps transports water soluble molecules through the cell membrane

A protein that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide (gases) though the cell membrane

2.A couple decides to have a baby. The woman elects to have an amniocentesis performed. The genetic counselor determines the baby has two copies of the Sickle cell gene and will therefore suffer from Sickle Cell Anemia. What is a gene?

A strand of RNA that codes for a particular polypeptide sequence

A noncoding segment of DNA

A three-base triplet that specifies a specific amino acid

A segment of DNA that carries the instructions for one polypeptide chain

3. You decide to eat raw chicken. A white blood cell (macrophage) phagocytizes a bacterium (e.g. Salmonella) in your body, saving your life for a short period of time. Once the bacterium is taken into the white blood cell, what organelle digests the solid material?

Rough Endoplasmic reticulum

Nucleus

Golgi apparatus

Nucleolus

Peroxisome

Ribosome

Lysosome

4. A mature brain cell (neuron) is metabolically active and functional. It is likely in:

Anaphase

Telophase

Metaphase

Interphase