HSC 4555 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, Chronic Kidney Disease, Vesicoureteral Reflux
Document Summary
Renal pain is generally perceived at the costovertebral angle. Pain is transmitted to the spinal cord between t10 and l1 by sympathetic afferent neurons. Pain may be felt throughout the dermatomes corresponding to t10-l1. Renal pain is usually due to distention and inflammation of the renal capsule and has a dull, constant character. Urinalysis provides a foundation for the differential diagnosis of renal dysfunction. Dipstick and microscopic urinalysis results provide clues to intrarenal pathologies. Other diagnostic tests provide information related to abnormal kidney anatomy and function. Renal agenesis is relatively rare, and its presence is often associated with other congenital malformations. Bilateral renal agenesis is not compatible with life. Unilateral renal agenesis results in compensatory hypertrophy of the functional kidney. A single normal kidney is sufficient to maintain normal renal function. Polycystic kidney disease is a genetically transmitted renal disorder. In the autosomal dominant type, symptoms generally occur later in life. The inevitability of renal failure necessitates dialysis or transplantation.
