MIC 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 24: Pelagibacterales, Kinetoplast, Ftsz
10 Dec 2017
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How do we actually know they come from bacterial ancestors: division: binary fission ftsz and min system, similar ribosome, circular chromosome with no histones. Many bacterial genes have been transferred from organelles to nucleus. Traditionally the rickettsia is considered the likely mitochondria ancestor. Sar11 now the pelagibacteriales (ocean bacteria) recently considered possibly closer. Apicoplasts in protists: related to chloroplast, converted from photosynthesis to other functions. Kinetoplast: specialized mitochondria in some protozoa like trypanosomes (sleeping sickness, usually found in association with the flagella/cilia, maxicircle dna encoding rrna and protein, minicircles encoding guide rnas to edit maxicircle transcripts. Aphid cannot synthesize 10 amino acids, and these are not also provided in their diet tree sap. Buchnera has lost huge amounts of genes, but retains amino acid biosynthesis in plasmid: vertically transmitted. Ruminants: mammals that rely on a microbial community in their gut to convert plant material into digestible forms. Rumen -> stomach kills microbes and makes their biomass available to absorb.
