GEL 12 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Stegosauria, Ankylosauria, Pachycephalosauria
1. What are Saurischia and Ornithischia?
a. Saurischia: lizard hip
i. Pubis orients towards the head
ii. Gave rise to the birds, pubis was re-oriented
b. Ornithischia: bird hip
i. Pubis orients towards the tail
2. What are the eight major groups of dinosaurs?
a. Pachycephalosauria: thick headed lizard
b. Ceratopsia: bone faces
c. Ornithopoda: bird legs
d. Ankylosauria: fused lizard
e. Stegosauria: roofed lizard
f. Prosauropoda: before lizard legs
g. Sauropoda: gave rise to giant dinosaurs
h. Theropods: large group, really diverse group
i. Only group with the strict meta eaters
i. From Pachycephalosauria to stegosauria, they came from herbivores
i. Were also ornithischia
ii. Others were saurischia
3. What are Thyreophora and Marginocephalia?
a. Thyreo-photo: door shaped shield, carry or bear
i. gave rise to the Stegosauria and Ankylosauria
ii. Scutellosaurus
1. started to get more bones on their back, eventually fused to
create armor
2. Became to heavy, so became quadrupedal and started walking on
all fours
3. Bones on the back eventually big enough to make a shield
a. Formed the Ankylosauria
4. Stegosauria concentrated on bones in the center of the back and
those grew larger
b. Marginocephalia: margin head
i. Ceratopsia and Pachycephalosauria
ii. Ceratopsia grew a bone frill around the head and horns on its head
iii. Pachycephalosauria had a large bone on skull plus additional smaller
bones for ornamentation
4. What are stegosaurs and ankylosaurs, how did they live, and what did they have in
common?
a. Stegosauria: roof lizard
i. Referring to the back bone structure
ii. Three Supra orbital bones
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