GEL 12 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Western Interior Seaway, Flowering Plant, Lycopodiopsida
1. When did plants appear, and what plants were around by the time dinosaurs appeared?
a. Appearance of plants
i. First appeared with spores
1. carrie by water or wind
ii. Most primitive of all living plants
iii. Hornworts, liverworts
b. Appearance of vascular plants
i. take in water from moist dirt
ii. Carry the water to the top of the plant
iii. Waste carried to the bottom of the plant
iv. Gas exchange of CO2 and O2
v. Appeared in the Silurian period
vi. Tracheid cells in the xylem
1. Passed from cell to cell up the stem
2. Sometimes these cells are preserved in the fossils
vii. Tall trees appeared in Devonian period
viii. Carboniferous swamp and coals
1. Horse tails and lycopods (giant club mosses)
c. Appearance of seed plants
i. survive harsher and dryer environments better
ii. Appeared during Devonian and Permian period
1. Permian was cold and dry climate
2. Other plants became extinct and seed plants grew more
3. Ginkos, cycads, glossopteriids
d. Vegetation behind dinosaurs
i. Dominated by conifers and cycads in most paleo- reconstructions
ii. More in late cretaceous
iii. Dinosaurs ate conifers and cycads
2. Which new plant group appeared as dinosaurs evolved, in what form, and when?
a. Flowering plants appeared during the cretaceous
i. improved vascular system
ii. Vessel cells in the xylem
iii. Carry water better
iv. Core part of flower: where the seed/egg is
v. New caledonia: most primitive flower
1. Does not have the advanced vessel system
2. We do not have a fossil of this plant
b. Flowering plant from the water from spain (from water)
i. fossils better fored i the water’
c. Archaefructus
i. Flower without petals
ii. From china
iii. Water plant
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