BIS 2A Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Chemical Equilibrium, Activation Energy, Thermodynamics
29 Apr 2019
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Document Summary
Energy, kinetics, the connection between energy and cells. Passive diffusion releases energy that can be used to power active transport across the concentration gradient. Energy is conserved in a reaction, it can change shape, but not be created nor destroyed. After energy transformations, some energy becomes unavailable to do work. In a closed system, free energy decreases and the amount of unusable energy increases. Free energy is determined by subtracting the free energy in the reactant from the free energy in the product. Chemical reactions can run in both directions ab. At chemical equilibrium, there is no free energy, no reason to change. Rates are equal at chemical equilibrium, not the amounts of product and reactant. Catalysts lower activation energy, not the free energy. Can cause reactions to occur that would not happen on their own. Energy is held in the bonds of the last two phosphate groups of atp.
