NUTR 200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Gluconeogenesis, Pyruvic Acid, Lipogenesis
31 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
NUTR 200 Nutrition for Today 04/30/2018
MJ Gunnarson, MS, RD 1
Metabolism 1
Reading
MET-1 – MET-3, MET-8 – MET-10, MET-11 – MET-14
Metabolism Supplement - Itrodutio, Oerie of Eerg Metaolis, Fatt Aid Oidatio…,
Ketogenesis, Amino Acid Metabolism, Feastig ad Fastig Cle…
[RECOMMENDATION - Read after lecture so you know the level of detail to focus on]
Objectives for today:
• Define metabolism, anabolism, and catabolism
• Name anabolic and catabolic pathways associated with each macronutrient
• Explain the difference between anaerobic and aerobic glycolysis
• Describe how the hormones insulin and glucagon influence metabolism
• Explain metabolic responses to feeding, fasting, and starvation
Vocabulary for today:
Metabolism - sum of all chemical and physical processes by which the body breaks down and
builds up molecules (processing of molecules)
Pathway - a series of chemical reactions (steps from beginning to end)
Intermediates - molecules formed in a pathway (stopping points in the pathway)
Anabolic Pathways - building compounds with the use of energy (building—energy in)
Catabolic Pathways - breaking down compounds with the release of energy (breaking down—
energy out)
Glucose, fatty acids, amino acids—enter metabolism—give energy
ATP – adenosine triphosphate - ATP is an organic compound used by cells as a source of energy
(constantly break down and rebuild ATP to make or store energy)—in the mitochondria
--energy is released when the bond between the second and third phosphate of ATP is broken.
A portion of the released energy can be captured to do work, such as fueling muscle
contractions.
--ADP is then used to reform ATP
Eerg stored i “high eerg phosphate
bonds
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
NUTR 200 Nutrition for Today 04/30/2018
MJ Gunnarson, MS, RD 2
Anabolism - the process of making new molecules from smaller ones
– Critical for growth, repair, maintenance and synthesis of body tissue
– Requires energy
– Promoted when we have adequate or excess energy
Glycogenesis triglyceride synthesis protein synthesis
Convert glucose and amino acids into fatty acids: lipogenesis
Catabolism - the breakdown or degradation of larger, more complex molecules to smaller, more
basic molecules
– During digestion, chemical reactions break down proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates
– Tissues or cells are broken down for repair or replacement or for energy
– Releases energy
– Promoted when energy supply is low, or energy is needed
Glycogen triglycerides proteins
Glycogenolysis Lipolysis proteolysis
Glycolysis
Lactate
Fatt
aids
Aio
aids
Gluose
Gloge
Triglerides
Proteis
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
NUTR 200 Nutrition for Today 04/30/2018
MJ Gunnarson, MS, RD 3
Carbohydrate metabolism
Glycolysis = processing/metabolizing glucose to make ATP
Anaerobic (without oxygen)
Yields lactate from pyruvate
Aerobic (with oxygen)
Yields acetyl CoA from pyruvate
Fates of glucose –
Brain (no storage)
Muscle (glycogen)
Liver (glycogen)
Adipose tissue (triglycerides)
Cellular respiration is the process by which the energy stored in fuels is transferred to ATP by a
series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions
The metabolic pathways by which energy is released and used to produce ATP are glycolysis,
the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain (ETC)
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Met-1 met-3, met-8 met-10, met-11 met-14. Metabolism supplement - i(cid:374)trodu(cid:272)tio(cid:374), o(cid:448)er(cid:448)ie(cid:449) of e(cid:374)erg(cid:455) meta(cid:271)olis(cid:373), fatt(cid:455) a(cid:272)id o(cid:454)idatio(cid:374) , Ketogenesis, amino acid metabolism, feasti(cid:374)g a(cid:374)d fasti(cid:374)g c(cid:455)(cid:272)le . [recommendation - read after lecture so you know the level of detail to focus on] Metabolism - sum of all chemical and physical processes by which the body breaks down and builds up molecules (processing of molecules) Pathway - a series of chemical reactions (steps from beginning to end) Intermediates - molecules formed in a pathway (stopping points in the pathway) Anabolic pathways - building compounds with the use of energy (building energy in) Catabolic pathways - breaking down compounds with the release of energy (breaking down energy out) Atp adenosine triphosphate - atp is an organic compound used by cells as a source of energy (constantly break down and rebuild atp to make or store energy) in the mitochondria.
