NUTR 200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Lipoprotein, Lesion, Smoking Cessation
31 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
NUTR 200 Nutrition for Today 04/27/2018
MJ Gunnarson, MS, RD 1
Lipids 3 – Heart Disease
Reading
P 143-156
Chapter 7 – All sections
Objectives for today:
▪ Describe the main steps in the process of atherogenesis, the meaning and importance of
foam cells, and the relationship of LDL cholesterol levels to the process of atherosclerosis.
▪ List total and LDL cholesterol levels that increase risk of cardiovascular disease.
▪ Describe the effects of diets enriched with different fatty acids (MUFA, PUFA, SFA, trans
fatty acids) on risk of cardiovascular disease; specifically, how are LDL levels altered?
Recommendation Summary:
• Reduce:
-saturated and trans fat intake
-cholesterol intake
• Increase:
-monounsaturated fat intake omega-3-fatty acids (fish)
-fruit and vegetable intake
• Other recommendations
-increase physical activity
-stop smoking
-maintain a desirable body weight
• Goals:
-reduce LDL cholesterol
-increase HDL cholesterol
Risk factors for heart disease
• Family history of heart disease
• Race
• Age
• Gender
• Smoking
• Diet high in saturated and trans fats, cholesterol, sodium, and added sugar
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Obesity
• Diabetes
• Excessive alcohol consumption
• High blood pressure
• High blood lipid levels (cholesterol, LDL, and triglyceride)
Anatomy or artery wall and evolution of atherosclerotic plaque
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
NUTR 200 Nutrition for Today 04/27/2018
MJ Gunnarson, MS, RD 2
Atherogenesis – the development and progression of atherosclerosis (heart disease)
Hansson GK. New England Journal of Medicine 352:1685-95, 2005
LDL particles- Cholesterol rich lipoproteins that migrate in and out of the artery wall from
circulation
- Can become modified (oxidized) in the artery wall and then do not return to
circulation
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Anatomy or artery wall and evolution of atherosclerotic plaque. Atherogenesis the development and progression of atherosclerosis (heart disease) Ldl particles- cholesterol rich lipoproteins that migrate in and out of the artery wall from circulation. Can become modified (oxidized) in the artery wall and then do not return to circulation. Macrophages immune cells that migrate into the artery wall to consume modified ldl particles. Macrophages that have consumed a lot of modified ldl particles. Accumulate in artery wall and eventually die leaving behind cell debris and cholesterol. Dietary fats that raise ldl cholesterol levels (when consumed instead of other dietary fats) Recommendations reduce intake, replace with mufa and pufa. Dietary fats that lower ldl cholesterol levels (when consumed instead of other dietary fats) Recommendations replace saturated and trans fatty acids with omega-3 fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Increase - monounsaturated fat intake omega-3 fatty acids fruit and vegetable intake. American heart association recommendations focusing on fat recommendations.
