NURS 301 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Collagen, Arthroplasty, Tendon Sheath
Joints allow MOVEMENT!
Articulation: term for joint, where two bones join together
Arthrology: study of joints
Classification
Structural: focus on material binding the bone together and whether
or not there is a joint cavity present
Bony
-
Fibrous
-
Cartilaginous
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Synovial
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Functional: focus on the amount of movement allowed at the joint
Synarthroses: immovable (sutures)
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Amphiarthroses: slightly movable e.g. hip or shoulder
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Diarthroses: freely movable
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Bony Joint
Temporary joint that occurs in development e.g. fetal
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Growth stops and no more cartilage
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Fibrous Joint
Synarthrosis to amphiarthrosis
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Collagen fibers bind adjacent bones
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No cartilage, just collagen
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Little to no movement
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Three types:
Sutures
Found only in the cranium, bones of the skull join
together
§
Collagen fibers connect the two bones
§
○
Gomphoses
Teeth and jaw bone, joint that holds the tooth
§
Peridontal ligament
§
Slight movement of teeth
§
○
Syndesmose
Ulna and radius connected, very limited movement
between the two bones
§
○
-
Cartilaginous Joint
Synarthrosis to Amphiarthrosis
-
Two types:
Synchondroses
Hyline cartilage
§
Epiphyseal plate: still has cartilage before puberty
hits, bone with cartilage in between
§
E.g. First rib connects with sternum
§
○
Symphyses
Fibril cartilage: more fiber and denser
§
Pubic symphysis
Pelvic girdle gets looser towards end of
pregnancy
□
§
Intervertebral discs between vertebra
§
○
-
Synovial Joints
Diarthrosis
-
Varied mobility: freely movable to limited mobility
Eg. Elbow moves in one plane, shoulder moves in multiple
planes
○
-
Most structurally complex
Lots of different features
○
-
Most likely to develop dysfunctions
E.g. arthritis
○
-
Synovial
Secretes synovial fluid into joint cavity
Fluid is important because…
Lubricates two joints, makes for smoother
movement
□
Shock absorber
□
Nourishes articular cartilage that does not have
its own blood supply
□
§
○
-
Bursa: small thin membrane structure with synovial fluid inside
Reduces friction
-
Tendon sheath in fingers: wrap around tendons so that the tendon
attached to bone, there is no friction movement between tendon and
bone
The Knee (Tibiofemoral) Joint
Meniscus is a cartilage structure
-
C shape
Shock absorption
○
Protection
Separates bone
§
○
-
Plates of cartilage
-
Meniscus can be damage
Gets roughened
○
Irregular shape
○
Compresses nerve, cause pain
○
-
There are different types of Synovial Joints
E.g. ball and socket joint
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Arthritis
Inflammation of the joints
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Osteoarthritis: old age; wear and tear
Loss cartilage particles
○
Severe cartilage destruction
○
-
Rheumatoid: autoimmune
Cartilage destruction
○
Loss of space in synovial cavity
○
Inflamed joint capsule
○
-
Gouty arthritis: uric acid crystals
Bone erosions
○
Trauma to the joint
○
Red meat and shellfish eaters more prone to get disease
○
Increase level of uric acid
Excess crystals out in joint
§
Causes pain and swollen
§
○
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Joint Prostheses
Arthroplasty: replacement of diseased join with an artificial device
Total hip replacement: most common surgery for elderly
Online Lecture - Week 2
Saturday, April 7, 2018
8:24 PM
Document Summary
Articulation: term for joint, where two bones join together. Structural: focus on material binding the bone together and whether or not there is a joint cavity present. Functional: focus on the amount of movement allowed at the joint. Temporary joint that occurs in development e. g. fetal. Found only in the cranium, bones of the skull join together. Teeth and jaw bone, joint that holds the tooth. Ulna and radius connected, very limited movement between the two bones. Epiphyseal plate: still has cartilage before puberty hits, bone with cartilage in between. Pelvic girdle gets looser towards end of pregnancy. Elbow moves in one plane, shoulder moves in multiple planes. Nourishes articular cartilage that does not have its own blood supply. Bursa: small thin membrane structure with synovial fluid inside. Tendon sheath in fingers: wrap around tendons so that the tendon attached to bone, there is no friction movement between tendon and bone.
