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PCB 3063 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Francis Crick, Heterocyclic Compound, Deoxyribose

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School
USF
Department
PCB
Course
PCB 3063
Professor
J.El- Rady

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Document Summary

A macromolecule that is composed of repeating nucleotide units. They release hydrogen ions in solution and have a new negative charge. Building blocks of dna and rna at neutral ph. Nucleotides: the repeating structural unit of nucleic acids. They are linked in a linear manner to form a strand of dna or rna. Double helix: product when two strands of dna interact with each other. The 3d structure of dna is from the folding and bending of the double helix. One or more phosphates could be attached to the c-5" of the sugar. Base is always attached to c-1" of the sugar. Nucleoside: structure in which a base is attached to a sugar, but no phosphate is attached to the sugar. One or more phosphate groups are attached to a sugar via an ester bond. Adjacent nucleotides are linked by 5"-3" phosphodiester bonds. At one end of the linear dna chain, the nucleotide will have a free 5" phosphate.

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Related Questions

1. Unlike DNA, RNA contains

deoxyribose

a double strand

phosphates

uracil

Nucleic acid structure

2. In transcription, uracil will bond with:

thymine

cytosine

adenine

guanine

Transcription

3. The first team of scientist to document the structure of DNA was:

Franklin and Wilkins

Watson and Crick

Pauling and Chargoff

None of the above

DNA structure

4. Organelles that synthesize protein are:

lysosomes

ribosomes

endoplasmic reticulum

golgi bodies

5. Most of the time in a cell's life, it's DNA is in the form of:

Chromatin

Chromatids

Replicated chromosomes

Spindle fibers

6. Uracil is a nitrogen base that pairs with adenine. Using this information, one could conclude that uracil is a:

Purine

Pyrimidine

Neither a purine or pyrimidine

Not enough information

7. a nucleotide does not consist of a:

polymerase

5-carbon sugar

phosphate group

nitrogen base

8. The genetic code in DNA of an individual depends on the sequence (order) of:

nucleotides

purines only

phosphates

sugars

9. Before a cell divides, it must duplicate its DNA in a process known as:

translation

transformation

transcription

replication

10. The basic unit (building block) of a protein is a (an):

carbohydrate

amino acid

lipid

hydrogen bond

11. Unlike DNA, RNA contains:

deoxyribose

a double strand

phosphates

uracil

12. The structure of DNA was first documented in:

1945

1953

1956

1962

13. In DNA replication, the new molecules produced are:

of unequal length

both assembled in the same direction

built with purines as the backbone

assembled in opposite directions

DNA replication

14. The "backbone" of DNA is composed of:

ribose and phosphates

deoxyribose and phosphates

ribose and uracil

deoxyribose and thymine

DNA structure

15. RNA differs from DNA in which of the following ways?

RNA is single-stranded

RNA contains ribose

RNA does not contain thymine

All of the above

DNA structure

16. Which of the following is NOT required for the transcription process itself?

RNA polymerase

DNA

uracil-containing nucleotides

ribosomes

Relate the following columns:

A. In the complementary strands of DNA are exposed to the aqueous environment. ( ) Bridges of H.
B. They are in the hydrophobic interior of the DNA double helix. ( ) 2-DNA.
C. They are van der Waals interactions between pairs of stacked bases. ( ) Sugar-phosphate skeletons.
D. They are an important stabilizing force between base pairs. ( ) Purines and pyrimidines.
E. It's the approximate conformation found in the cells. ( ) A-DNA.
F. It's favored when the DNA is dehydrated: ( ) Stacking interactions.
G. It's favored in certain sequences rich in G/C ( ) B-DNA.
H. The protein machinery that carries out DNA polymerization. ( ) Okazaki fragments.
I. Short fragments of DNA strand. ( ) DNA Helicase.
J. Just with DNA-PolIII and other proteins is a part of the replisome. ( ) Primosome.
K. Synthesize the RNA primers. ( ) Primase.
L. Unroll the two strands of the parent double helix. ( ) SSB.
M. It joins the double strand and prevents it from bending back. ( ) Replisome.

Read the following statements carefully and determine which are true and which are false.

i) The energy required to synthesize nucleic acids comes from the nucleotide building blocks themselves.
ii) The "groove" in the structure of double-stranded DNA allows binding interactions between proteins and particular base sequences.
iii) In double-stranded DNA, the two strands are wound around one another in a right-handed helix.

i) & ii) are true, and iii) is false.

i) & iii) are false, and ii) is true.

i) is false, and ii) & iii) are true.

All three statements are false.

All three statements are true.