PSY 305 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Change Blindness, Inattentional Blindness, Hemispatial Neglect
29 Jun 2018
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19 October Notes
Reminder: SGR #2 Due Oct 31
What causes memory
● Excitation, emotion, intentional encoding, repetition, data-driven (remember what you
pay attention to, stimulus properties)
Making Representations
● The role of attention in memories
● Memory acquisition and retrieval
● Concept formation and knowledge
Making and using representations: The Modal model
● Info comes in as sensory input
●Sensory memory: a trace of the sensory input is retained for a brief period. High
capacity and short duration
.
○ Unattended information is lost
● Attention —> short-term memory —> maintenance rehearsal
○ Unrehearsed information is lost
○ STM: attentive/conscious processing occurs here. Information can enter STM
from both sensory memory and LTM. Temporary buffers with small capacity and
short duration
● Encoding —> long-term memory
○ Some information may be lost over time
○ LTM: the stored representation of knowledge gained from previous experience.
Unlimited capacity and indefinite duration
(until unproven).
● Long-term memory—> retrieval —> short-term memory
Attention
● Attention: the process of enhancing our awareness of stimuli that are of interest,
while decreasing our awareness of other stimuli (distractors)
● Visual attention operates through both automatic and effortful processes
○ High intensity stimuli (changes in the environment) are automatically and rapidly
noticed
● Selective attention refers to processes through which we focus on one input or one
task while ignoring other stimuli
○ Can operate at multiple stages of processing
● We’ve all experienced distraction
○ Some have ADD/ADHD
○ A more extreme condition is unilateral neglect syndrome
Why is Selective Attention Necessary?
● Some aspect of the environment are more important and interesting than others
● There is too much incoming stimulation at the retina to process everything
○ Selection is achieved partially through use of foveation
How is selective attention achieved?
Document Summary
Excitation, emotion, intentional encoding, repetition, data-driven (remember what you pay attention to, stimulus properties) Sensory memory : a trace of the sensory input is retained for a brief period. Attention > short-term memory > maintenance rehearsal. Information can enter stm from both sensory memory and ltm. Temporary buffers with small capacity and short duration. Some information may be lost over time. Ltm: the stored representation of knowledge gained from previous experience. Attention: the process of enhancing our awareness of stimuli that are of interest, Visual attention operates through both automatic and effortful processes while decreasing our awareness of other stimuli (distractors) High intensity stimuli (changes in the environment) are automatically and rapidly noticed. Selective attention refers to processes through which we focus on one input or one task while ignoring other stimuli. Can operate at multiple stages of processing. A more extreme condition is unilateral neglect syndrome. Some aspect of the environment are more important and interesting than others.
