NUR 416 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Biofeedback, Naloxone, Naproxen
29 Jan 2020
School
Department
Course
Professor
Monday, January 27, 2020
Lecture 1: Assessment & Management of pain
& Fever
What is Pain?
-unpleasant sensory & emotional experience associated with actual or
potential tissue damage
-pain has sensory, emotional, cognitive, & social components
-the neural network is a series of connected neural cells with cognitive,
sensory, and affective pathways combines in a feedback loop
•assigns meaning to the stimulus
•modulates experience & response
Acute vs Chronic
-acute
•body’s normal response to damage
-ex: cut, infection, physical injuries
•fast onset
•lasts for a few weeks
-chronic
•persistent or recurrent for >3 months
•uncontrolled acute pain is a risk factor for the development of chronic
pain
•may reduce quality of life, well-being, & ability to function over the long
term
The Neural Network
-prior experiences can alter the modulatory tone of the pathway
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Monday, January 27, 2020
-if the system is perpetually sensitized, it can elicit a disproportionate
response to incoming stimuli, without actual tissue damage
Assessment Tools & Techniques
-level of pain: pain assessment scales
-location
-effect on function
-effect on quality of life
-current methods of coping
-past experiences with pain
-FLACC scale
•face
•legs
•activity
•cry
•consolable
-Riley infant pain scale
•facial expression
•sleep
•movement
•cry
•touch
-faces scale
•use words that child will understand
•is your arm crying? does your arm hurt? does it feel like pain?
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Monday, January 27, 2020
Non-Pharmacologic Strategies
-work by interrupting the pain, fear, anxiety, & stress cycle
-can be used in children
•reduces fear
•reduces distress
•reduces pain
•gives the child sense of control
-parents
•reduces stress
-techniques
•guided imagery
•distraction
•hypnosis
•relaxation techniques
•controlled breathing
•biofeedback
•cognitive behavioral therapy
•massage
•hot/cold application
•TENS
•consider age with these
Pharmacological Treatments
-sucrose 24%
•oral solution
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Document Summary
Unpleasant sensory & emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Pain has sensory, emotional, cognitive, & social components. The neural network is a series of connected neural cells with cognitive, sensory, and affective pathways combines in a feedback loop: assigns meaning to the stimulus, modulates experience & response. Acute: body"s normal response to damage. Ex: cut, infection, physical injuries: fast onset, lasts for a few weeks. Chronic: persistent or recurrent for >3 months, uncontrolled acute pain is a risk factor for the development of chronic pain, may reduce quality of life, well-being, & ability to function over the long term. Prior experiences can alter the modulatory tone of the pathway. If the system is perpetually sensitized, it can elicit a disproportionate response to incoming stimuli, without actual tissue damage. Flacc scale: face, legs, activity, cry, consolable. Riley infant pain scale: facial expression, sleep, movement, cry, touch. Work by interrupting the pain, fear, anxiety, & stress cycle.
