BMB 300 Lecture Notes - Lecture 26: Granulocyte, Peptidoglycan, Lysozyme
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1.List the steps of the immune response in the correct order, fromfirst to last. (First, Second, Third)
| The immune system develops proteins called antibodies that fightthe infection by killing the antigens. | Choose... Third First Second | |
| The immune system identifies antigens. | Choose... Third First Second | |
| The body saves some antibodies so they are available to fight offthe same disease if exposed again. | Choose... Third First Second |
2.Match each item with the correct "line of defense" it isclassified under. (Surface Barrier, General Defense, ImmuneResponse)
| lysozyme | Choose... Surfacebarriers Generaldefenses Immune responses | |
| inflammation | Choose... Surfacebarriers Generaldefenses Immune responses | |
| lymph nodes | Choose... Surfacebarriers Generaldefenses Immune responses | |
| B cells and T cells | Choose... Surfacebarriers Generaldefenses Immune responses | |
| unbroken skin | Choose... Surfacebarriers Generaldefenses Immune responses | |
| Antibodies | Choose... Surfacebarriers Generaldefenses Immune responses |
| a. Itdestroys bacteria by a process called "cell-eating." | ||
| b. Itproduces a fever and lethargy, so energy can be reserved forbattling the illness. | ||
| c. It formsblood clots in the damaged area. | ||
| d. Itdilates blood vessels to make more room for the body's defensive agentsin the injured area. |
| An infectious particle that consists only of protein | Choose... Antigen Prion Blymphocyte Macrophage | |
| A white blood cell that engulfs and destroys foreign material, such asbacteria | Choose... Antigen Prion Blymphocyte Macrophage | |
| Any substance that instigates a response by the immune system | Choose... Antigen Prion Blymphocyte Macrophage | |
| A white blood cell that can make antibodies | Choose... Antigen Prion Blymphocyte Macrophage |
5.Who is credited with designing the first vaccine?
| a. LinusPauling | ||
| b. EdwardJenner | ||
| c. JonasSalk | ||
| d. StanleyMiller |
6.The flu (influenza) vaccine is generally administered as aninjection, often referred to as the flu shot. Can the flu shot giveyou the flu?
| a. No,because the flu shot is a live, attenuated vaccine. | ||
| b. Yes,because the flu shot is a live, attenuated vaccine. | ||
| c. No,because the flu shot is an inactivated vaccine. | ||
| d. Yes,because the flu shot is an inactivated vaccine. |
7.Getting a vaccine is similar to getting the actual disease insome ways. For example, when you get a vaccine, yourimmune system produces antibodies that will protect you from future exposures tothe actual disease.
True or False?
8.Getting a vaccine is NOT similar to getting the actual disease insome ways. For example, when you get a vaccine, you should notexperience outward symptoms of the disease you were vaccinatedagainst.
True or False?
9.Numerous scientific studies have shown that there is NO LINKbetween vaccines and autism.
True or False?
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a tool that has been very useful in identifying what parts of the brain do what. Scientists can have a person perform some particular activity and then look for active areas in the brain. How does fMRI work?
| A. | It takes a picture of the inside of the brain according to electricity levels. The more electrical current in the area, the more active it is. | |
| B. | It takes a picture of the inside of the brain according to blood flow. More blood flow indicates more activity in that area. | |
| C. | It takes images of thin layers of the brain and the more electrical activity in a layer, the more magnetic it is and this shows up in fMRI. | |
| D. | Electrodes attached to the skull can trigger activity in particular brain areas which then trigger a person to perform certain behaviors. | |
| E. | It takes a picture of the brain according to oxygen levels. More oxygen in an area indicates more activity in that area. |
The strategy of vaccination to fight diseases uses what type of immunity?
| A. | Non-specific immunity | |
| B. | Cell-mediated immunity | |
| C. | Natural immunity | |
| D. | Specific immunity | |
| E. | Passive immunity |
If you came into contact with Vibrio, what defense do you have to keep it from even getting to your intestines?
| A. | Your skin is an effective barrier against bacteria you come in contact with. | |
| B. | Antimicrobial enzymes in saliva | |
| C. | Acid in the stomach | |
| D. | Mucous membranes in the digestive and respiratory tract | |
| E. | All of the above |
What do B cells do when they identify a pathogen?
| A. | Engulf and eat it | |
| B. | Kill it | |
| C. | Produce antigens to bind to the pathogen and memory cells to guard against future infection. | |
| D. | Produce antibodies to bind to the pathogen and memory cells to guard against future infection. | |
| E. | Engage helper T cells to fight the infection |
There are chemical signals that call on non-infected cells to help fight a virus. Which are they?
| A. | Complement proteins | |
| B. | Macrophages | |
| C. | B cells | |
| D. | Interferons | |
| E. | Natural killer cells |
When someone gets a bone marrow transplant, they have to be quarantined and carefully protected from pathogens for a period of time afterward. Why?
| A. | Bone marrow produces the main cells involved in the specific immune response, so these patients are at special risk of infection until they build up enough marrow to produce sufficient cells. | |
| B. | Bone marrow produces blood cells, so they have insufficient circulation for a period of time so their immune system lacks the energy to fight off any infection. | |
| C. | Anytime a foreign substance, even someone else's bone marrow, is introduced to a body, there is an extra risk of infection. | |
| D. | A common complication of bone marrow transplants is infection, and doctor's don't want the infection to spread to others. | |
| E. | It's a traumatic procedure, and any extra stress on their body could kill them. |