ANT 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Agroforestry, Management System
25 Apr 2017
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Document Summary
Forest livelihoods and social-ecological change (amazonia and south american. Traditional forest livelihoods: gardening, hunting, gathering, fishing, commercialization of yerbe mate, agroforestry, combination of productive activities and active management of forest resources for long-term production, including swidden agriculture, foraging, fishing, and commercial products. Horticulture (e. g. swidden or shifting agriculture: extensive strategy, seed crops and root crops, permanent and rotating. Why amazonian farmers use fire: burning benefits the soil by providing nutrients, diversified system of production, drive away pests, open land for cultivation, practiced since precolonial times but increased after european settlement. Development: nature . is to be brought under control or put to productive use, slash and burn is backward and inefficient . Conservation: conservation and modernity are the saviors . The agriculture frontier: agricultural reform policies, state funded and market-oriented agricultural policies, expansion of export commodities, financial incentives for farmers. Contemporary challenges in guarani communities: shorter fallow cycles, market pressures, increasing migration by colonists, struggle for cultural survival.
