ANT 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Neolithic Revolution, Social Stratification, Urban Revolution
16 Nov 2017
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Early governments usually headed by king or other hereditary maximum authority, with advisors. Neolithic revolution: describes transition from hunting and gathering to farming. Urban revolution: implied interconnected series of changes in many variables, not just concept of cities . Population growth and settlement distribution (nucleated, dispersed, transport, costs, Growth of cities: complexity along a continuum degree of central planning, etc. ) When a complex society collapses, it becomes smaller, simpler, and much more egalitarian. Control water resources; increase crop yields, expand cultivable land. Some people provided surplus food while others worked as artisans, craftspeople, administrators, military, religious and intellectual specialists. Full time specialists: in non subsistence activities (pottery) Ensure that different interest groups do not infringe on the rights of others. Ensure that citizens are safe from enemies by constructing fortifications. Crafts: require special supplies often from far away. (increased trade and movement of materials). Organic layout = no discernible direction or coordination of growth.
