HPE 1001 Lecture 14: Ch. 13- Protecting Against Infectious Diseases Notes
CH. 13: PROTECTING AGAINST INFECTIOUS DISEASES
The Process of Infection
• Pathogen- disease causing agent
• Endemic- present at expected prevalence rates in a given population or area
• Epidemic- disease outbreak that affects many people in a community or
region at the same time
• Pandemic- global epidemic of a disease that occurs in several countries at the
same time
• Virulent- strong enough to overcome host resistance and cause disease
• Multifunctional Disease-disease caused by integrations of several factors
• Immunocompromised- having an immune system that is impaired
• Routes of Transcendent
o Autoinoculate- transmit a pathogen from one part of your body to the
other
o Zoonotic Diseases- diseases of the animals that may be transmitted to
humans
• Risk Factors You Can Control
o Contact
o Foodborne
o Airborne
o Vector borne
o Perinatal
• Risk Factors You Typically Cannot Control
o Heredity
o Age
▪ Comorbidities- presence of one or more disease at the same
time
▪ Opportunistic Infections- infections that occur when the
immune system is weakened or compromised
o Environmental conditions
o Organism virulence and resistance
Your Body’s Defenses Against Infection
• Physical and Chemical Defenses
• How the Immune System Works
o Antigens-substance capable of triggering an immune response
o Antibodies- substances produced by the body that are individually
attached to specific antigens
o Humoral immunity- aspect of immunity that is mediated by antibodies
secreted by white blood cells
o Cell-Mediated Immunity- aspect of immunity that is mediated by
specialized WBC that attack pathogens and antigens directly
o Lymphocyte- type of WBC involved in immune response
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