HPE 1001 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Dietary Reference Intake, Nutrition, Glycogen
CH. 7: NUTRITION:EATING FOR A HEALTHIER YOU
Essential Nutrients for Health
• Hunger- physiological impulse to seek food
• Nutrients- constituents of food that sustain humans physiologically
o Water, proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals
• Appetite- learned desire to eat
• Normally accompanies hunger but is more psychological than physiological
• Nutrition- science that investigates the relationship between physiological
function and the essential elements of foods eaten
• Water, proteins, carbohydrates, fats (macronutrients), vitamins and minerals
(micronutrients)
• Digestive Process-the process by which the body breaks down food and
either absorbs or excretes them
Recommended Intakes for Nutrients
• Dietary Reference Intake (DRI)- set of recommended intakes for each
nutrient published by the Institute of Medicine
Calories
• Unit of measurement that indicates the # of energy obtained from a
particular food
• Energy- the capacity to do work
o Proteins, carbs, & fats
Water: A Crucial Nutrient
• Dehydration- abnormal depletion of body fluids, a result from a lack of water
Proteins
• Proteins- large molecules made up of chains of AA
o Essential constitutions of all body cells
• Amino Acids- nitrogen containing building blocks of human proteins that
must be obtained from foods
• Essential Amino Acids- 9 basic nitrogen containing building blocks of human
proteins that must be obtained from food
• Complete Proteins- proteins that contain all 9 essential AA
• Incomplete Proteins- proteins that lack 1 or more of the essential AA
Carbohydrates
• Carbs- basic nutrients that supply the body with glucose, the energy form
most commonly used to sustain normal activity
• Simple Carbohydrates
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