HIST 2003 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Cannibalism, Cherokee Language, Silversmith
16 Dec 2017
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Wallace Reading - Long Bitter Trail !
1. How does Jackson view the Indians?!
He single handedly established “de faco” removal policy. March 1816, he negotiated a treaty
with a Cherokee delegation where the Cherokee’s surrendered a small piece of unoccupied
land in South Carolina. The treat made the Cherokees pay for damages suffered by them
during the Creek War. Jackson was enraged by this and wanted to inflict war on them.
Secretary told Jackson to removed the illegal white squatters and Jackson refused. Instead
they did a joint treaty with the Cherokees and the Chickasaws who refused to attend. The
treaty was to persuade them into have this sort of joint custody over the south Tennessee lands
to the U.S. Bribery came along and the Cherokee’s had agreed to this treaty. 1817, the removal
of the Indians had occurred and they all had to move to new homes even though Jackson told
them to move west, they disagreed. 6 thousand Cherokees (mostly the poorer and least
acculturated), were moved out West. 1818, met with the Chickasaw and with bribery and
persuasion they had given most of their land to the U.S but there was no removal agreement. A
few small reservations were allowed to exist. 1820, with bribery convinced the Choctaws to
exchange their land for new territory in Arkansas where they could have a little land a establish
a school for the tribe. Jackson ended up getting 50 million acres all over the states for white
settlers to establish themselves there. After being governor of Florida, he ran for present in
1824, and successfully in 1828. Jackson was a “land speculator, politician, and militia
commander” from the 1790’s. “The Indians were savage, cruel, bloodthirsty, cannibalistic
butchers of innocent white women and children, and should be driven to extinction.” Jackson’s
relationship with individual Indians were warm and even intimate. 1814, he adopted an Indians
boy whose parents were killed by the troops. Called the boy his son and looked at the boy’s life
as if it were his own. Little boy died from a disease and Jackson set free the Creek military
leader who surrendered voluntarily. “Native Americans were not a conquered and dependent
people. Government wanted to avoid Indian extinction by moving them out the West far from
white settlements. Jackson says that Congress should take the land that is not occupied by
villages, but that did not happen for another 50 years. Wanted this land for agricultural pursuits,
civil life, and a government of laws but Jackson never proposed exterminating the Indians. He
came up with conditions that would make those who did not want to move so miserable that
they would leave anyway. Indians had ended up destroyed the civilization of “mound builders.” !
2. Why did Jackson promote the removal of Indians? Were his purposes political, personal, or
both?!
“Combination of political ambition, financial greed, and philosophical rationalization.”!
Hungry for Indian land. Wanted that expansion for America. That sense of freedom. The open
acceptance of racism not only for enslavement of blacks but also Native Americans which
ended up being popular political themes that drove the Democratic present to press for a
policy of Indian removal. They were doomed for extinction unless removed. !
3. From the Revolution in 1830, how are Indian tribes changing? What new relationships have
they developed over time?!
From the process of removal, the Indians started to realize that they would take on, to a certain
degree, white culture. The loses in the war was high and had lost and wounded thousands of
Indians. The Whites wanted to destroy the Indians economic and social structure by attacking
villages. They realized that resisting whites and their military had failed. Policy remained
peacefully on unsold tribal land where white customs were being adopted leading them to the
road of survival meaning male agriculture, keeping livestock, growing new crops like cotton in
the South and wheat in the North. They had started to plant new kinds of crops like
buckwheat, oats, flax, turnips, and potatoes. Women have started spinning linen and woolen
yarn. Men were weaving cloth. They started keeping pigs, sheep, hundreds of cattle and
horses. !
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
He single handedly established de faco removal policy. March 1816, he negotiated a treaty with a cherokee delegation where the cherokee"s surrendered a small piece of unoccupied land in south carolina. The treat made the cherokees pay for damages su ered by them during the creek war. Jackson was enraged by this and wanted to in ict war on them. Secretary told jackson to removed the illegal white squatters and jackson refused. Instead they did a joint treaty with the cherokees and the chickasaws who refused to attend. The treaty was to persuade them into have this sort of joint custody over the south tennessee lands to the u. s. Bribery came along and the cherokee"s had agreed to this treaty. 1817, the removal of the indians had occurred and they all had to move to new homes even though jackson told them to move west, they disagreed. 6 thousand cherokees (mostly the poorer and least acculturated), were moved out west.
