BIOL 1543 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Lysogenic Cycle, Rna Virus, Lytic Cycle

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mauvecod513

25 Aug 2016

School

University of Arkansas

Department

Biology

Course

BIOL 1543

Professor

Dr.Roberts

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Document Summary

Translation: 3 steps the same as transcription. Elongation: mrna binds to small and large subunits of ribosome, trna attaches to mrna, p-site and a-site, codon recognition. Complementary base pairing of amino acids (peptide bond formation) between codon and anticodon: peptide bond formation, translocation, cycling through until it reaches stop codon. Review: the flow of genetic information in the cell: Dna transcription rna translation protein: the sequence of codons in dna spells out the structure of a polypeptide, dna structure: Sugar (deoxyribose: dna structure creates nucleotides, all organisms have the same dna molecule, so genes can be moved from on living organism to another, replication. The parental strands separate and serve as templates. Two identical daughter molecules of dna are formed: transcription. Strand to be transcribed is the non-coding strand. All organisms have the same rna molecule: translation. So genes from one living thing can be expressed in another.

Related Questions

1. _________________________ is the name of the process that produces proteins using RNA molecules.

a.Transcription

b Translation

c. Replication

d. Mutagenesis

2. The peptide bonding site on the ribosome:

a. A site

b. P site

c. E site

d. D site

3. The name given to the bond formed between two amino acids.

a. Hydrogen bond

b. Double bond

c. Peptide bond

d. Negative bond

4. __________________________ is the movement of the mRNA molecule on the ribosome to open up the A-site for the new incoming amino acid.

a. Transformation

b. Mutation

c. Translocation

d. Initiation

5. What does the term semi-conservative mean.

a. Replication of RNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of RNA and one new strand of RNA.

b. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of DNA and one new strand of DNA.

c. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of new strands of nucleotides.

d. Transcription of RNA is semi conservative.

6. This molecule functions during protein synthesis to recognize the codon and bring the proper amino acid back to the ribosome for translation.

a. mRNA

b. tRNA

c. rRNA

d. DNA polymerase

7. What is meant by the base-pairing rule.

a. Bases on a single strand of DNA are always found as pairs

b. Adenine always base pairs with guanine; cytosine with thymine

c. Adenine always base pairs with thymine; cytosine with guanine

d. Bases on a single strand of RNA are found in pair.

8. In this step of protein synthesis, amino acids are added to a growing polypeptide chain.

a. Initiation.

b. Elongation.

c. Termination.

d. Transpiration.

9. Three complementary bases found in a mRNA are called ____________________.

a. Anti-codon.

b. Triplet.

c. Doublet.

d. Codons.

10. Which statement best describes the job or function of the messenger RNA.

a. Carries the map of the gene sequence in the form of codons to the cytoplasm

for translation of the protein.

b. It transfers amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

c. It forms the ribosomes.

d. It helps replicate DNA.

ceruleangnat663

1.A homozygous red-eyed female Drosophilamates with a red-eyed male Drosophila. What proportion of thefemale offspring will have white eyes?

75%

25%

100%

2.Red-green colorblindness is a recessive X-linked trait.If a female is red-green colorblind, which of the following isTRUE?

Her father mustbe colorblind.

Both herparents are carriers of the recessive allele.

Both herparents must be colorblind.

Her mother mustbe colorblind.

Women cannotexhibit red-green colorblindness because they have two Xchromosomes.

3.Allelesare

recessive traits.

dominant traits.

exact copies of the same trait.

alternate versions of the same trait

4.Using three bases torepresent each amino acid in a polypeptide

ensures that other organisms can read the codetoo.

prevents the wrong amino acid from being incorporated into aprotein.

ensures that DNA can replicate properly.

ensures that all amino acids are represented at least once bythe code.

5. If an organism's DNA contains 20%adenine nucleotides, what percentage of its DNA is composed ofguanine nucleotides?

6. Atrue-breeding tall pea plant is crossed with a tall pea plant ofunknown parentage. Which of the following iscorrect?

Some shortindividuals may appear in the F2 generation.

Some of the F1generation will be short.

All of theoffspring (F1) will be short.

Over severalgenerations, no short individuals will appear.

7.Morgan breeds and sells snakes. He knows that he can makethe most money by breeding and selling albino snakes. Albinism is arecessive trait. His female albino corn snake just produced 6offspring. Two displayed normal coloration and 4 were albino. Whatdo you know about the genotype of the father?

He could beeither heterozygous or homozygous dominant.

He must behomozygous recessive.

There is notenough information to determine the father's genotype.

He must beheterozygous.

8.During the elongation cycle of translation, the A site ona ribosome functions in

releasing thecompleted polypeptide.

holding apolypeptide as amino acids are added.

attaching thesmall subunits of rRNA to the large subunit.

receiving a newtRNA with the correct amino acid.

9.Whichof the following is an incorrect match?

translation -polypeptide formation

transcription -tRNA formation

translation -mRNA binding to rRNA

replication -copying of DNA

10. Thethree steps that are required for DNA replicationare

base doubling,unwinding, and joining.

unwinding, basedoubling, and base pairing.

unwinding,complementary base pairing, and joining.

unwinding,transcription, and translation.

11.Thex-ray diffraction pattern of DNA discovered by Rosalind Franklinshowed that DNA

contains alphahelices and beta sheets.

contains betasheets arranged in a repeated pattern.

has a repeatedpattern.

is both helicaland has a repeated pattern.

12.Which of the following is TRUE?

All traits onthe sex chromosomes are associated with sexual development.

Females can beheterozygous for sex-linked traits.

Males areheterozygous for the SRY gene.

Men pass theirX-linked traits to their sons.

13.Martha has a widow's peak and attached earlobes. Martha's dad had astraight hairline and unattached earlobes. What is Martha'sgenotype?

Answer withBRIEF EXPLANATIONS please

if more than 2answers you given are wrong, low star, pretty much no pts!

indigojackal331

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The function of tRNA is to

Select one:

a. provide a site for polypeptide synthesis

b. transport amino acids to the ribosome

c. transcribe DNA

d. transform DNA

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The lipid bi-layer is

Select one:

a. hydrophilic

b. hydrophobic

c. hydrophilic and hydrophobic

d. depends on the surrounding medium

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Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Select one:

a. carbohydrates are generally hydrophilic molecules.

b. living things use carbohydrates for structure and for energy storage.

c. carbohydrates are composed principally of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

d. none of the above â they are all true

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Which of the following terms correctly describes a compound featuring more than one double bond?

Select one:

a. saturated

b. polyunsaturated

c. monounsaturated

d. disaturated

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Eukaryotic mRNA transcripts are protected from modification by

Select one:

a. 5' caps

b. 5' poly-A caps

c. 3' caps

d. 5'-3' poly tails

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The methods of membrane transport that don't require protein channels or carriers are

Select one:

a. osmosis

b. diffusion

c. phagocytosis

d. exocytosis

e. all of the above

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Complete the following sentences: "Primary active transport is dependent on __________. Secondary active transport is dependent on __________ created by __________.

Select one:

a. channel proteins, electrochemical gradient, carrier proteins

b. electrochemical gradient, ATP, mitochondria

c. electrochemical gradient, ATP, primary active transport

d. ATP, electrochemical gradient, primary active transport

e. carrier proteins, electrochemical gradient, channel protein

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Which of the following is a reduced compound?

Select one:

a. CO2

b. O2

c. N2

d. NAD +

e. NADH

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Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments according to their:

Select one:

a. base sequence

b. size

c. percentage of labelled nucleotides

d. electrical charge

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G0 is:

Select one:

a. part of interphase

b. the phase of the cell cycle where DNA replication occurs

c. the phase of the cell cycle where two identical daughter cells are created

d. a special "resting" phase in which cells are in a non cycling state

e. a special phase where the number of chromosomes in a parent cell is reduced by half such that each daughter cell contains only one member of a pair of homologous chromosomes

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At which pH will the concentration of hydrogen ions be equal to the concentration of hydroxide ions?

Select one:

a. pH 1

b. pH 5

c. pH 7

d. pH 9

e. pH 14

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Which of the following enzymes has proofreading activity?

Select one:

a. Ligase

b. Helicase

c. Topoisomerase

d. DNA polymerase

e. Peptidyl transferase

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The process of _______________ cuts introns from the primary transcript and the final "processed" mRNA is produced.

Select one:

a. RNA cleaving

b. RNA translocation

c. RNA elongation

d. RNA splicing

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Transcription is initiated when RNA polymerase binds to

Select one:

a. a promoter

b. an initiator

c. a transciptor

d. a codon

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Complete the following sentences: "__________ connect the extracellular matrix with microfilaments. __________ connect intermediate filaments from adjacent cells."

Select one:

a. Cadherins, Integrins

b. Connexins, Cadherins

c. Integrins, Cadherins

d. Integrins, Connexins

e. Connexins, Integrins

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Which of the following regions of RNAs are translated?

Select one:

a. 5' UTR

b. exons

c. introns

d. 3' UTR

e. poly-A

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Control of gene expression in eukaryotic cells occurs at which level(s)?

Select one:

a. only the transcriptional level

b. epigenetic and transcriptional levels

c. epigenetic, transcriptional, and translational levels

d. epigenetic, transcriptional, posttranscriptional, translational, and posttranslational levels

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Cellular organelles containing hydrolytic enzymes are called:

Select one:

a. peroxisomes

b. lysosomes

c. ribosomes

d. mesosomes

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______ are chemicals or combinations of chemicals that take up excess hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions in order to keep the pH constant.

Select one:

a. acids

b. bases

c. salts

d. buffers

e. carbohydrates

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Which of the following proteins appear in some stages of the cell cycle and are degraded at other stages?

Select one:

a. kinases

b. cyclins

c. nucleotides

d. phosphatases

e. none of the above

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Which of the following correctly matches an organelle with its function?

Select one:

a. mitochondrion photosynthesis

b. nucleus cellular respiration

c. ribosome manufacture of lipids

d. lysosome movement

e. central vacuole storage

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What is the sequence corresponding to the following electropherogram obtained by Sanger sequencing (green: A; red:T; black: G; blue: C)?

Select one:

a. CCGTTATGAAC

b. GGCTTATGAAG

c. CAACTATTGCC

d. GGCAATAGTTG

e. CCGTTATCAAC

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Which of the following statement is true

Select one:

a. the two DNA strands are parallel and complementary

b. the two DNA strands are anti parallel and non-complementary

c. the two DNA strands are anti-parallel and complementary

d. none of these

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The energy-requiring process by which small molecules are joined to form larger molecules is specifically called

Select one:

a. metabolism

b. anabolism

c. catabolism

d. enzymatic reactions

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When DNA replication starts

Select one:

a. the phosphodiester bonds between the adjacent nucleotides break

b. the bonds between the nitrogen base and deoxyribose sugar break

c. the leading strand produces Okazaki fragments

d. the hydrogen bonds between the nucleotides of two strand break

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A(n)_______ is the movement of a segment of a chromosome from one chromosome to another nonhomologous chromosome

Select one:

a. inversion

b. translocation

c. deletion

d. duplication

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Complete the following sentences: "Replication forks from the same origin of replication extend __________. __________ DNA strand is used as template for the leading strand at one fork and for the lagging strand at the second fork. New DNA is synthesized from 5' to 3' on the __________."

Select one:

a. unidirectionally, A different, both the leading and lagging strands

b. bidirectionally, The same, leading strand

c. bidirectionally, The same, lagging strand

d. unidirectionally, A different, leading strand

e. bidirectionally, The same, both the leading and lagging strands

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Manufacturing recombinant DNA molecules involves cutting a gene from its normal location, inserting it into a circular piece of DNA from a bacterial cell, and then transferring the circle of DNA to cells of another species. Which of the below describe the circular piece of DNA?

Select one:

a. restriction enzyme

b. plasmid

c. bacteriophage

d. transposon

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Complete the following chemical equation to make it balanced: glycerol + ___ ? triacylglycerol + ___

Select one:

a. 3 fatty acid, 3 H2O

b. fatty acid, H2O

c. 3 OH-, 3 H+

d. 3 H2O, 3 fatty acid

e. fatty acid, 3 H2O

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Which structure is found in plant cells but not animal cells? Check all that apply.

Select one or more:

a. Cell wall

b. Chloroplast

c. Plastid

d. Central vacuole

e. Lysosomes

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BIOL 1543 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Lysogenic Cycle, Rna Virus, Lytic Cycle

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