PSY 150A1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Edward C. Tolman, Behaviorism, Learned Helplessness
16 Nov 2017
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Instinctive drift: tendency for an animal"s behavior to revert to gene(cid:2210)cally controlled pa(cid:130)erns. Each animal comes into the world (cid:336)and lab(cid:337) with certain gene(cid:2210)cally determined ins(cid:2210)nc(cid:2210)ve pa(cid:130)erns of behavior already in place. These ins(cid:2210)ncts di er from species to species. There are some responses that simply cannot be trained into an animal regardless of condi(cid:2210)oning. Raccoons commonly dunk food in and out of water before ea(cid:2210)ng. Is di cult to change even using operant techniques. In the early days of learning, researchers" focus was on behavior. In the (cid:400)95(cid:399)s (cid:336)more intensely in (cid:400)96(cid:399)s(cid:337) many psychologists were becoming aware that cognition (cid:336)the mental events that take place inside a person"s mind while behaving(cid:337) could no longer be ignored. Best-known experiments in learning involved teaching three groups of rats the same maze, one at a (cid:2210)me (cid:336)tolman & honzik, (cid:400)9(cid:402)(cid:399)(cid:337) Group (cid:400): rewarded each (cid:2210)me at end of maze. Group (cid:401): in maze everyday, only rewarded on (cid:400)(cid:399)th day.
