MIEH 300 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Xenobiotic, Toxicokinetics, Adme

• School: University of Maryland
• Department: Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health
• Course: MIEH 300
• Professor: Devon Payne- Sturges

Document Summary

Define toxicology the study of the adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms (friis) Toxicity: the degree to which something is poisonous. Toxicant: toxic substances that are man-made or result from human activity. Toxin: a toxic substance made my living organisms (e. g. reptiles, insects, plants, etc. ) Xenobiotic: unnatural material to the body, can refer to any agent that is not naturally found in the body. Toxicokinetics: processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (adme) that govern the fate of a xenobiotic. Toxicodynamics: process of interaction of chemical substances with target sites and the subsequent reactions leading to adverse health effects. Distribution (blood)- circulation in blood stream via specialized barriers. Metabolism (physical and chemical changes of xenobiotic) Excretion (elimination of xenobiotic: urine, feces, sweat, milk, saliva) To convert lipid soluble molecules to water soluble molecules. This is accomplished through the activity of cellular enzymes through 2 phases: add or expose a functional group, conjugation with water soluble molecule.