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EDSP 210 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: School Psychology

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cyankoala599
3 Dec 2017
School
University of Maryland
Department
Education, Special
Course
EDSP 210
Professor
Lieber

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Document Summary

Due october 9 discussion questions points 6. Due november 6 iep/udl plan points 10. Edsp 211 book club case study iep/udl plan. Using the main character with special needs in your book (identify who you are choosing), complete the following as if the character is of preschool or school age. List several strengths of the character: resilliance, strength, willpower. List several needs for character in school the child needs to have her epilepsy medicine kept in the nurses office in the event that she has an episode. The school also needs someone who is capable of administering the medicine. The school needs to be acceptant of her missing school and allow for extensions on assignments from when she is sick and unable to turn in her work on time. Write 3 academic or social goals for character that you would be able to implement in a school setting. List two related services that would be involved.

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Related Questions

PROVIDE A RESPONSE OR STATEMENT TO THIS STUDENTS DISCUSSION:

1 - Please share your experience on selecting a managed care plan. Please discuss the advantages and disadvantages of your MCO plan.

Up until about ten years ago my company offered an HMO MCO plan option managed by Kaiser Permanente. This plan was less expensive in my paycheck deduction and offered $10 co-pays for every office visit and 100% hospitalization. In 1992 as a single young man in my twenties I found this option very attractive. I ended up getting married early that year, had a flu episode and a bout of food poisoning. My wife ended up with a hospitalization as well. What looked good on paper ended up being a very restricted healthcare experience. My office visits were restricted to only one clinic where the health care professional point of contact were physicians assistants under the supervision of an MD which we never saw. All of the prescriptions were for generic medicines and when my wife was hospitalized she was not allowed branded medicines either. We also thought she was discharged too early. The advantages of this type of plan are costs and simplicity. If we had not been sick that year we probably would have signed back up for it. The disadvantages were that our level of care was reduced to a less skilled health care professional and the attending physician who cared for my wife in the hospital discharged my wife early due to a time limit the HMO had placed on the length of stay for her illness code. That was the first and last year I chose an MCO plan for my health coverage.

2 - Many argue that there is no consistent, direct correlation between the cost of care and its quality in a managed care program. Do you agree or disagree?

In my personal experience managed care plans attempt to lower the primary care contact to non MD health care professionals such as Nurse Practioners and Physicians Assistants. While these clinicians are well trained and certainly have their appropriate place in medicine, they do not have the extensive medical training that MDs and DOs spend a minimum of 8 years mastering. These clinicians cost less than MDs and are very attractive way to reduce staffing costs. As a patient however I prefer the highest skilled level clinician caring for me and my family and am willing to pay more for this higher level of care. In my opinion Kaiser Permanente may have saved money but I was not happy with the level of care and medicines provided. They may have saved money that year but they lost me as a customer. Epstein et al, (2014) compared Accountable Care Organization (ACO) patients with non ACO patients and while they found that there were many differences in spending, age, and severity of illness, there was no difference in quality metrics despite non ACO members costing more overall. It would seem that in this example costs can be lowered without affecting quality outcomes. However ACO participants had access to significantly more participating clinicians and hospitals. What is missing from this study is a patient survey comparing the satisfaction of ACO and non-ACO patients.

3 - Do you think patients' choice of provider and access to care will be limited under ACOs?

In my personal experience and through observations of managed care offices and hospitals as a pharmaceutical representative, ACOs not only restrict the choice of provider and access to hospitals they utilize lesser trained medical professionals in Primary Care, Specialty and Hospitals in addition to restricting access to branded medications. This observation is in agreement with Epstein et al, (2014) in which ACO members cost less but had less access and choice of participating access points and clinicians.

4 - In what ways can an ACO succeed in both delivering high-quality care and spending health care dollars more wisely?

ACOs can be very useful in curbing costs. For those with limited health care budgets or those patients who receive public assistance an ACO model whether public or private. However Lewis et al, (2014) found that even though there was an almost even split between ACOs contracting for private and public contracts in the U.S.A., public contracts were less profitable than private ones due to public patients costing more to manage per capita than private ones. Quality was not examined. It would seem that an ACO would be ideal when faced with limited resources but ACOs may be reluctant to engage in contracts that are less profitable.

 

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France: The country’s first ‘saviour sibling’ is a ‘double-hope baby’
By Annick Chapoy on July 18th, 2011
The birth, in France, of its first baby to be conceived by artificial insemination on top of the selection of an embryo based on its blood, has sent new flames into the hot parliamentary debate over the reform of bioethics law.
The child’s deliberate embryonic selection rested on it not having the gene for beta thalasaemia, and its birth potential to help cure beta-thalasaemia suffered by two older siblings. Theoretically, the use of ‘saviour siblings’ has been allowed since 2006, when the 2004 Bioethics Law and associated decrees was passed. The USA has utilised this for about ten years, but such a birth is rare in Europe – and, depending on the results of a current debate, might become even rarer in France.
Umut-Talha, a name meaning 'our hope' in Turkish, entered life this February in Clamart, south-west of Paris. He weighed 3.65kg and was pronounced ‘very healthy’. His birth resulted from in vitro fertilisation after a double pre-implant genetic diagnosis that enabled doctors to choose an embryo that would not carry the disorder beta-thalasaemia, and whose blood and tissue would be compatible with that of his brother and sister. This type of technique was legalised in France with the Bioethics Law of 2004, but is still the source of great controversy in the public.
It is the first successful birth resulting from this type of pregnancy in the country. The practice is legal in numerous other European countries, including Spain and Belgium where, in 2005, the first two 'medicine babies' in Europe were born. The first birth of this type took place in the USA in 2000.
France’s first so-called ‘saviour sibling’ was born to parents of Turkish origin and he was conceived under circumstances that would have been unthinkable only a generation ago. Umut Talha’s parents had approached the hospital in Clamart just over a year ago. They had a serious problem - their two youngsters were both afflicted with the inherited blood disorder beta thalasaemia, which requires monthly blood transfusions. The parents knew the hospital was one of only three in France that was developing a treatment for their children's illness.
An embryo was screened and genetically selected from an original group of 12 embryos. It was chosen to ensure it did not carry the Beta thalasaemia gene and also due to its compatibility with the sick siblings. Besides selecting an offspring that would be spared from the disorder, the parents hoped their future baby could also become a donor of the right kind of treatment cells.
Born disorder-free, the baby’s cells also proved compatible with his two-year-old sister. Doctors feel confident that she will be cured with the cells from his discarded umbilical cord, and her monthly blood transfusions will be discontinued.
The family have since returned to their home in southern France, but plan to return to Clamart to undergo the same procedure to cure their other child, Umut’s four-year-old brother.
Following his birth, French newspapers spread ‘Medicine baby’ headlines across their pages. However, Professor René Frydman, a fertility pioneer and the ‘medical father’ of the first French test-tube baby in 1982, oversaw Umut’s case, said he preferred the term ‘double-hope baby’.
‘Medicine baby is a media term invented by people who are against this kind of procedure,’ said Prof. Frydman. In English-speaking countries, the terms ‘donor baby’ and ‘saviour sibling’ have been widely used in the media.
Umut certainly presents a double hope for his parents: the hope of having a new, healthy baby, and the hope of curing one of their sick children.
However, other scientists, religious groups and parents beg to differ. The issue of saviour babies has raised complex ethical debates, and renewed fears of a move towards ‘designer babies’, or babies whose traits – e.g. intelligence, eye-colour and height – have been predetermined.
Thus, Umut’s birth has raised questions among medical, political as well as religious circles in France. Christine Boutin, President of the Christian-Democratic party, denounced an ‘instrumentalisation of the human being, conceived in the sole purpose of being used’, while the head of the Bishop’s Conference said he was ‘totally opposed to a procedure by which somebody is being used exclusively to serve somebody else’.
The timing of Umut's birth was also significantly timely - just as the very law that allows for cases such as this to be revised. Observers say that the existing legislation guiding biotechnology in France might be tightened and restrict research in certain fields, including stem cells.
The country’s standing bioethics law allows for cases like Umut’s. In fact, the government has earmarked €800,000 per year for Clamart to practice and develop the procedure.
Nonetheless, Prof. Frydman and colleagues say a lot more needs to be done, complaining of endless hurdles to launch further research and access funds. They regret that France has started a decade after the USA and that the government is still reluctant to give them full backing.