GEOG 1266 Lecture 1: March 28, 2018
13 Jun 2018
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Geography Notes 3/28
Geography is the study of earth as home.
EARTH MATERIALS
I. Composition of Earth’s Crust
a. Lithosphere- solid part of the earth that interacts with the other layers
b. Crust- 50km thick and solid rock
c. Elemental Composition of Crust
i. Number one element is Oxygen – 47%
ii. Silicon – 28%
1. 75 percent of matter in earth’s crust is silicon and oxygen
iii. Aluminum – 8%
iv. Iron – 5%
v. Calcium
vi. Magnesium 2.3%
vii. Sodium
viii. Potassium
II. Rocks vs. Minerals
a. Quartz is SiO2-Mineral
b. Minerals are naturally occurring, inorganic compounds that has very specific physical
properties – chemical composition (Always SiO2) – They have very specific crystalline
and lattice structures
c. Rocks are made up of minerals, they are aggregations of minerals.
d.
III. Rock Types
a. Igneous – Direct solidification of molten lava.
i. Extrusive – Formed quickly at or above earth’s surface – within hours or days or
weeks - Volcanoes
ii. Intrusive – lava cools slowly deep within the crust - thousands of years to
millions of years - Granite
Felsic (Si, Al rich) Mafic (Fe, Mg Rich)
Intrusive
1. Granite 2. Diorite 3. Gabbro
Extrusive
4. Rhyolite 5. Andesite 6. Basalt
b. Sedimentary – made of the accumulation, compaction, and lithification of sediment.
i. Clastic
1. Clast = particle of sediment (sand grain)
0 0.002 diameter (mm) 0.05 2.0
Clay Silt Sand Gravel
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