PSY 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Availability Heuristic, Representativeness Heuristic, Convergent Thinking
Lecture 13: Cognition and Creativity!
I." Problem Solving!
""""""" A." Well-structured problems!
""""""""""""""" 1." algorithms!
""""""""""""""" 2." heuristics!
""""""""""""""" 3." analysis and synthesis!
""""""" B." Ill-stuctured problems!
""""""""""""""" 1." insight!
""""""""""""""""""""""" a." selective encoding!
""""""""""""""""""""""" b." selective combination!
""""""""""""""""""""""" c." selective comparison!
""""""""""""""" 2." Wolfgang Kohler (insight in apes)!
""""""" C." Hindrances to problem-solving!
""""""""""""""" 1." emotional barriers!
""""""""""""""" 2." cultural barriers!
""""""""""""""" 3." learned barriers!
""""""""""""""""""""""" a." functional fixedness!
""""""""""""""""""""""" b." prople bring old mental sets to new problems!
""""""""""""""""""""""" c." negative transfer: carryover of information"!
""""""""""""""""""""""""""" that makes problem-solving more difficult.!
""""""""""""""" 4." perceptual barriers!
""""""" D." Aids to problem-solving!
""""""""""""""" 1." positive transfer!
""""""""""""""""""" example: people exposed to the "military problem""!
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""" in which they had to capture a fortress,!
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""" were more likely to solve the x-ray/tumor"!
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""" problem.!
""""""""""""""" 2." incubation: period of rest"!
II." Judgment and Decision Making!
""""""" A." Common problems!
""""""""""""""" 1." bounded rationality (e.g., frequent use of intuition)!
""""""""""""""" 2." satisficing: choosing the 1st acceptable alternative!
""""""""""""""" 3." elimination by aspects: over-reliance on one attribute!
""""""""""""""" 4." ignoring the underlying probability of the event!
""""""""""""""" 5." all-or-nothing thinking!
""""""""""""""" 6." stereotypes!
""""""" B." Heuristics and bias!
""""""""""""""" 1." availability heuristic!
""""""""""""""" 2." representativeness heuristic!
""""""""""""""" 3." risk-averse bias!
III." Creativity!
""""""" A." Styles of thought!
""""""""""""""" 1." inductive vs. deductive thinking!
""""""""""""""" 2." logical vs. illogical thinking!
""""""""""""""" 3." fluency, flexibility, and originality!
""""""""""""""" 4." divergent and convergent thinking!
""""""" B." Tests of creativity!
""""""""""""""" 1." consequences test!
""""""""""""""" 2." anagrams test!
""""""" C." Stages of creative thought!
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