HY 106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 42: Six Acts, Chartism, Factories Act 1847
Reforms and Revolutions
1. National Liberation in Greece
1. National, liberal revolution succeeded in Greece after 1815 (had been
under control by the Ottoman Turks since the fifteenth century; united
under language and religion)
2. The rising national movement led to the formation of secret societies and
then to revolt in 1821, led by Alexander Ypsilanti, Greek patriot and
general in Russian army
3. The Great Powers were opposed to all revolution and refused to back
Ypsilanti
1. Educated Europeans were in love with the culture of classical
Greece
2. Russians were stirred by the piety of the Greek Orthodox brethren
3. Writers and artists, moved by romantic impulse, responded to the
Greek struggle
4. In 1827 Great Britain, France, and Russia responded to popular
demands and directed Turkey to accept an armistice but when Turkey
refused, navies defeated the Turkish fleet and Russia established a
protectorate over land that had been under Turkish rule
5. Russia finally declared Greece independent in 1830 and installed a
German prince as king of the new country in 1832 (nation had gained
independence against empire)
2. Liberal Reform in Great Britain
1. Eighteenth-century British society was dominated by the landowning
aristocracy
2. The Tory party, controlled by landed aristocracy, was fearful of radical
movements and the same intense conservatism motivated the Tory
government (balance)
3. After 1815 the aristocracy defended its ruling position by repressing
popular protest
1. In 1815, they began with the Corn Laws, which had regulated the
foreign grain trade before (shortages of grain had occurred and
agricultural prices skyrocketed but peace meant that grain could be
imported again and prices went down)
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