HY 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 90: Abstract Expressionism, Helen Frankenthaler, Kinsey Reports
1 Jun 2018
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C H A P T E R 2 8
Red Flags and Velvet Revolutions: The End Of The Cold War,
1960-1990
I.Introduction
A. From certainty to uncertainty
B. Consensus and fragmentation
C. Economic crises
D. Revolts
E. The collapse of the Soviet Union
II. Social Change and Cultural Dynamism, 1945-1968
. Economic expansion
1. Prosperity brought about population shifts (Western Europe)
2. Importing foreign workers (West Germany and France)
3. Workers from former colonies emigrated to Britain
4. The breakdown of national barriers
5. Agriculture
a. Productivity soared
b. Common Market countries sponsored programs of modernization
c. Eastern bloc countries replaced small holdings with large-scale agriculture
d. Abundance meant lower food prices
i. Freed up money for other forms of consumption
e. Percentage of labor force in agriculture declined
A. Social class
1. The middle classes
. Growth in number of white-collar employees
a. The managerial class
b. More specialized skills
. Skill—the ability to monitor automatic controls
2. The working classes
. Trade unions remained powerful institutions
3. The end of class conflict?—The blending of class difference
4. Extension of education in Western Europe
5. Eastern European bloc
B. Mass consumption
1. Western Europe
. Households and individuals had more purchasing power
a. Vacuum cleaners, washing machines, and telephones
b. Saving labor and creating a new investment in domesticity ("more work for
mother")
c. The automobile
d. A consumer culture
. Marketing, advertising, and credit payment
i. Credit now seen as a necessary part of life rather than a stigma
2. Eastern European bloc
. Consumption organized by the state
. Determined how consumer goods would be distributed
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