HY 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 29: Catholic Monarchs, Renews-Cappahayden, Proxy War
30 May 2018
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I.Social Change in the Later Middle Ages
A. Revolts and rebellions
1. The Jacquerie (1358)
a. French peasants rose up against their lords
2. "The Peasants' Revolt" (1381)
. English peasants, artisans, and town dwellers march on London
a. Demanded an end to serfdom and fixed rents
3. The Ciompi (1378)
. Florentine wool carders seized control of the city
a. Demanded tax relief, full employment, and political representation
4. General features
. Revolts were not bread riots
a. Resistance to higher taxes
b. Governments weakened by factionalism or military defeat
c. Attacks on the corruption, arrogance, and violence of ruling elites
d. Fundamental cause was not poverty but growing confidence
i. Village communities
ii. Urban workers
B. Aristocratic life in the later Middle Ages
1. The increasing wealth of the great noble families of Europe
2. The plague did not undermine their position
3. A more complex and uncertain world led to insecurities
4. Invested wealth in nonagricultural enterprises
5. Service to a king or great lord
6. "Legal" nobility
7. The "noble" style of life
. Family honor
. Chivalry, courtliness, political influence, deference
i. Living like nobles
ii. Exclusivity
i. Lavish banquets
ii. Extravagant clothing
iii. Castles, tournaments, and pageants
iv. Patronizing artists and poets
8. Kings and princes
. Competed with each other in founding chivalric orders
a. Characterized the nobility as a whole
b. Princely service important to maintaining noble fortunes
9. Toward the ancient regime
II. War and the Development of the Late Medieval State
. Fourteenth and fifteenth centuries as period of almost constant warfare
A. Armies became larger, military technology deadlier
B. England, France, and the Hundred Years' War, 1337-1453
1. Causes
. English kings held the duchy of Gascony as vassals of the French king
a. English presence in France became intolerable
b. English woolen interests in Flanders
c. Succession dispute over the French crown
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Document Summary
I. social change in the later middle ages: revolts and rebellions, the jacquerie (1358, french peasants rose up against their lords. English peasants, artisans, and town dwellers march on london: demanded an end to serfdom and fixed rents, the ciompi (1378) Florentine wool carders seized control of the city: demanded tax relief, full employment, and political representation, general features. Revolts were not bread riots: resistance to higher taxes, governments weakened by factionalism or military defeat, attacks on the corruption, arrogance, and violence of ruling elites, fundamental cause was not poverty but growing confidence. Urban workers: aristocratic life in the later middle ages, the increasing wealth of the great noble families of europe, the plague did not undermine their position, a more complex and uncertain world led to insecurities. Invested wealth in nonagricultural enterprises: service to a king or great lord. legal nobility: the noble style of life. Patronizing artists and poets: kings and princes.
