HY 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 25: Saint Dominic, Waldensians, Patron Saint
30 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
I.The Dominion of the Church
A. Development of church or canon law
1. Gratian (fl. twelfth century)
a. The Decretum or The Concord of Discordant Canons
i. Claimed ecclesiastical jurisdiction over marriage, inheritance, and bequests
b. Cases in canon law courts increased
c. The importance of legal expertise
B. The reign of Innocent III (1198-1216)
1. Elected pope at thirty-seven
2. Studied theology and canon law
3. Goal was to unify Christendom under papal hegemony
. Never questioned the right of the king to rule in the secular sphere
a. Would discipline kings whenever they sinned
4. Founded the Papal States
5. Engineered the triumph of Frederick II
6. Fourth Lateran Council (1215)
. Defined central dogmas of the Christian faith
a. Acknowledged papal supremacy
b. Established free primary schools in all major cities
c. Required non-Christians to wear distinctive clothing
C. Popes of the thirteenth century
1. Popes after Innocent began to appear more like ordinary, acquisitive rulers
2. Conflicts with Frederick
3. Popes enhanced power of Church government
. Asserted the right to name candidates for ecclesiastical positions
a. Controlled curriculum at the University of Paris
b. Political misuse of the institution of the Crusades (against Frederick)
c. Loss of spiritual prestige
D. Decline of the papal monarchy
1. Boniface VIII (1294-1303)
. The growth of national monarchies
a. Disputes with English and French kings
. Clerical taxation
i. Papacy moves from Rome to Avignon (1316-1377)
2. Balance of power shifted toward the state and away from the Church
. Pious Christians looked to the state for campaigns of moral and spiritual improvement
II. Spiritual Awakenings and Challenges
. European religious revival
A. Cistercians and Carthusians
1. Founding of new orders
2. Cistercians
. Followed the Benedictine Rule in a most austere manner
a. Founded new monasteries away from civilization
b. Shunned unnecessary church decoration
c. Abandoned Cluniac stress on an elaborate liturgy
d. Contemplation, prayer, manual labor
3. Changing nature of religious belief and devotion
. Shift away from the cult of saints
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Document Summary
I. the dominion of the church: development of church or canon law, gratian (fl. twelfth century, the decretum or the concord of discordant canons. Never questioned the right of the king to rule in the secular sphere: would discipline kings whenever they sinned, founded the papal states, engineered the triumph of frederick ii, fourth lateran council (1215) Asserted the right to name candidates for ecclesiastical positions: controlled curriculum at the university of paris, political misuse of the institution of the crusades (against frederick, loss of spiritual prestige, decline of the papal monarchy, boniface viii (1294-1303) The growth of national monarchies: disputes with english and french kings. Papacy moves from rome to avignon (1316-1377: balance of power shifted toward the state and away from the church. Pious christians looked to the state for campaigns of moral and spiritual improvement. European religious revival: cistercians and carthusians, founding of new orders, cistercians.
