HY 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: One Thousand And One Nights, Sunnah, Fatimah
30 May 2018
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I.The Growth of Islam
A. The rise of Islam
1. Born in the desert of Arabia
2. Mecca and the Kabah (pilgrimage shrine)
a. Quraish tribe—controlled the Kabah and the economic life of Mecca
3. Muhammad (c. 570-632)
. Early life
i. Born at Mecca (Quraish family)
ii. Orphaned early
iii. Married the widow of a rich trader
a. Religious experience (610)
. There is no god but Allah
i. Becomes an uncompromising monotheist
ii. Called to be "the Prophet"
b. Ignored by the Quraish of Mecca
c. Leaves Mecca for Yathrib (Medina)—the Hijrah/Hegira (622)
. Organizes a religious community
i. Raids on Quraish caravans
d. Enters Mecca (630)
B. The religious teachings of Islam
1. Islam means "submission"
2. Allah—the Creator God Almighty
3. Muhammad as the last and greatest prophet
4. Men and women must surrender themselves to Allah
5. Practical steps for salvation and the Qu'ran
6. Islam, Christianity, and Judaism
. Jesus was a prophet but was not the son of God
a. Strict monotheism
b. Old and New Testaments as divinely inspired
c. Islam as a way of life—no sacraments or clergy
C. The Islamic conquests
1. Muhammad's death
2. Succeeded by his father-in-law, Abu-Bakr
. The caliph (deputy of the Prophet)
a. Military campaign against those who followed Muhammad but would not
follow Abu-Bakr
3. Umar
. Syria, Antioch, Damascus, and Jerusalem fall (636)
a. Egypt falls (646)
b. Persia subdued (651)
c. Visogothic Spain (711)
4. Explanations
. Search for territory and booty
a. Weakness of their neighbors
b. Did not demand conversions
c. Muslims preferable to old rulers
D. The Shiite-Sunni schism
1. Shiites
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