HY 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Diocletian, Second Temple Judaism, Severan Dynasty
30 May 2018
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Chapter 6 – The Transformation of Rome
I.The Challenge of Christianity
A. The appeal of early Christianity
B. The career of Jesus
1. First-century sources
2. Born in Judea
3. Preaching, healing, and teaching
4. Messianic entry (30 C.E.) into Jerusalem during Passover
5. Arrest
a. Pontius Pilate
b. Crucifixion
c. The Christ ("anointed one")
C. Jesus and Second Temple Judaism
1. The Dead Sea Scrolls
2. Roman control of Judea was tenuous
3. Zealots sought to expel the Romans by force
. Destruction of the Jewish Temple (66-70)
a. Destruction of Jerusalem (132-135)
D. Judaism, monotheism, and the Covenant
1. Interpreting the Covenant
. The Torah—first five books of Old Testament
a. Sadducees—hereditary temple priesthood and aristocratic guardians
b. Pharisees—interpreters of religious law
c. Essenes—radical, splinter group, spiritual deliverance through asceticism
E. Jesus as controversial figure
1. He was the Messiah promised by God to deliver Israel
F. Reinterpretation of Jesus's role as messiah: Greek theology
II. The Growth of Christianity in the Hellenistic World
. Saint Paul (c. 10-c. 67)
1. Born at Tarsus (Asia Minor)
2. Converted to Christianity
3. Declared himself to be the apostle to the Gentiles
4. Rejected Jewish law as irrelevant to salvation
5. Making converts among Greek-speaking Jewish communities
A. The appeal of Christianity
1. Communal aspect
2. Early organizational structure
3. Role of women
4. Appealed to broad range of social classes
5. Promise of salvation
B. Judaism and Christianity
1. Hostility
2. Understanding the Messiah
C. Christianity and the Roman Empire
1. Treated early appearance of Christianity with indifference
2. Persecutions were intermittent and short-lived
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