HY 102 Lecture 8: The Archaic Polis in Action - ch 3
30 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
I.The Archaic Polis in Action
A. Athens
1. Identity
2. Agricultural economy
3. Government
a. Landed aristocracy
b. Elected magistrates and the council of state
c. Nine archons held executive power (civil, military, judicial, and religious
functions)
d. Areopagus Council—elected the archons
4. Political Change
. Debt slavery
a. Political factions
b. The failed coup of Kylon (632 B.C.E.)
c. Drakon (621 B.C.E.)—"setting the laws"
i. "draconian" punishments
d. Solon (c. 640-c. 559 B.C.E.)
. Abolished debt slavery
i. Encouraged cash-crop farming and urban industries
ii. Set up courts with citizen juries
iii. Eligibility for political office based on property, not birth
iv. The boule (steering committee)
v. The ekklesia (citizen assembly)
e. Peisistratos (c. 600-527 B.C.E.)
. Established himself as tyrant (546 B.C.E.)
i. Public works projects
ii. Strengthened the demos
f. Cleisthenes (c. 570-c. 508 B.C.E.)
. Championed the cause of the demos (the people)
i. Reformed voting practices
ii. Reorganized the population into ten tribes
iii. Introduced ostracism
B. Sparta
1. The Peloponnesus
2. Five villages combined (synoikismos) to become Sparta
3. The conquest of Messenia
4. The helots (slaves)
5. The Spartiate (the "Equals")— professional soldiers of the phalanx
6. A society organized for war
7. Early training of boys and girls
8. The apella—the citizen assembly of Spartiate males over thirty years old
9. The gerousia—council that proposed matters to the apella
10. The krypteia—secret police
11. Helots and Spartiate
. Helots outnumbered Spartiate ten to one
a. The problem of revolts
12. Spartiate could not engage in trade or farm their own land (distractions)
13. Protectors of the "traditional constitutions" of Greece
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